越南橡胶林下植物物种组成与多样性研究  

Undergrowth Plant Species Composition and Diversity in Rubber Plantations in Vietnam

作　　者：李明美 陈莉 兰国玉[1,3] 陈帮乾 孙瑞[1,3] 杨川 吴志祥[1,3] LI Mingmei;CHEN Li;LAN Guoyu;CHEN Bangqian;SUN Rui;YANG Chuan;WU Zhixiang(Rubber Research Institute,CATAS,Danzhou,Hainan 571737,China;College of Forestry,Hainan University,Haikou,Hainan 570228,China;Danzhou Investigation&Experiment Station of Tropical Crops,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Danzhou,Hainan 571737,China)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所,海南儋州571737 [2]海南大学林学院,海南海口570228 [3]农业农村部儋州热带作物科学观测实验站,海南儋州571737

出　　处：《热带农业科学》2021年第10期82-91,共10页Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture

基　　金：外交部澜沧江-湄公河国际合作项目(No.081720203994192003)。

摘　　要：近年来天然橡胶产业在越南迅速发展,目前橡胶已经成为越南主要的经济作物,但植胶对环境产生的影响仍未有相关研究。为了了解越南橡胶林群落植物多样性的基本特征,本文采取典型取样和随机取样相结合的方法,在越南植胶区选取32个10 m×10 m橡胶林样方,分析了物种组成与多样性特征。结果表明:越南橡胶林林下植物共有91科214属318种,其中有3个优势科为豆科(Leguminosae)、大戟科(Euphorbiaceae)和禾本科(Gramineae)。丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener指数和Simpson指数在8~10龄阶段时最高;在200~600 m海拔上丰富度指数、Simpson指数和Shannon-Wiener指数最高,在<10°的坡度上,Shannon-Wiener指数、物种丰富度和Simpson指数最高。越南橡胶林下植物多样性较低,林龄、坡度和坡向等影响因素对植物的分布影响较大,建议越南在天然橡胶产业发展中注重提高和恢复橡胶林植物多样性,从而构建环境友好型生态橡胶园。In recent years natural rubber industry has developed rapidly in Vietnam.At present,rubber has become the main economic crop in Vietnam.However,there is still no research report on the impact of planting rubber on the environment.In order to understand the basic characteristics of plant diversity in the rubber plantation community in Vietnam,a combination of typical sampling and random sampling was adopted.In the rubber planting area in Vietnam,32 quadrats of 10 m×10 m in rubber plantations were selected and the species composition and diversity in the quadrats were analyzed.The results showed that there are 91 families,214 genera,and 318 species of undergrowth plants in the rubber plantations in Vietnam,with 3 dominant families:Leguminosae,Euphorbiaceae and Gramineae.The richness,Shannon diversity and Simpson diversity are the highest in the rubber plantations at the age of 8 to 10 years old;the richness index,Simpson index and Shannon-Wiener index are the highest in the rubber plantations at the elevation of 200 m to 600 m;Shannon diversity,species richness and Simpson index are highest in the rubber plantations on the slopes of<10°.The diversity of plants under rubber trees in Vietnam is relatively low,and environmental factors such as plantation age,slope degree and aspect have greater impact on the distribution of plants.It is recommended that Vietnam pay more attention to improving and restoring the plant diversity of the rubber plantations in the development of the natural rubber industry so as to build environmentally friendly ecological rubber plantations.

关 键 词：越南 橡胶林 植物群落 物种多样性 物种组成 

分 类 号：S794.1[农业科学—林木遗传育种]