基于视觉原理的斜齿轮几何参数测量方法研究  

Measurement method of geometric parameters of helical gear based on vision principle

作　　者：李捷 刘永[1] 李昊泽 王宸[1] LI Jie;LIU Yong;LI Hao-ze;WANG Chen(School of Mechanical Engineering,Hubei University of Automotive Technology,Shiyan 442002,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北汽车工业学院机械工程学院,湖北十堰442002

出　　处：《机电工程》2021年第11期1451-1457,共7页Journal of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering

基　　金：国家科技重大专项资助项目(2018ZX04027001);教育部产学合作协同育人项目(202002108003,202101124026);教育部人文社科资助项目(20YJCZH150);湖北省教育厅科学技术研究资助项目(B2019081);汽车动力传动与电子控制湖北省重点实验室基金资助项目(ZDK1201703);湖北汽车工业学院博士基金资助项目(BK201905)。

摘　　要：在采用传统的测量方法测量斜齿轮的几何参数时,存在测量效率低等问题,为此,提出了一种基于视觉原理的斜齿轮几何参数测量方法。首先,为了验证系统测量结果的重复性,采用高精度圆形标定板进行了重复性精度测试,验证了测量系统的可靠性;采用边界跟踪函数获得了斜齿轮轮廓的非零像素点坐标,计算了其到安装孔圆心的距离值,得到了齿顶圆和齿根圆半径;然后,针对齿廓边缘点到中心点距离的图像,通过设计算法,并统计测量次数得到了齿轮的全部齿数;通过运用Hough变换和两直线夹角公式测量了斜齿轮的螺旋角,并根据相关公式间接计算了分度圆直径和模数值;最后,通过采用最小二乘法拟合出了键槽的3条边缘直线,通过直线交点和齿轮安装孔信息得到了键槽的宽度和深度值,并对2个齿轮进行了10次测量。研究结果表明:测量系统不确定度均不大于0.003 Pixels,可测量的齿轮尺寸范围为10 mm~70 mm,大、小齿轮各项参数相对误差分别不超过1%和2%,可满足自动、准确测量斜齿轮几何参数的要求。Aiming at the low efficiency of traditional measurement methods in measuring geometric parameters of helical gears,a measurement method based on the principle of vision was proposed.Firstly,the repeatability accuracy test of the circular calibration board was designed to verify the reliability of the measurement system.Secondly,the non-zero pixel coordinates of helical gear contour were obtained by boundary tracking function,the distance from the helical gear contour to the center of the mounting hole was calculated,and the radius of the tooth top circle and tooth root circle were obtained.Then,aiming at the image of the distance between the edge point and the center point of the tooth profile,a pulse counting method was designed to measure the number of teeth.Then,the Hough transform and the formula of the angle between two lines were introduced to measure the helix angle,and the diameter and modulus of the dividing circle were indirectly calculated according to the relevant formula.Finally,the least square method was used to fit the three edge lines of the keyway,and the width and depth of the keyway were obtained by the intersection of the lines and the information of the gear mounting hole.The two gears were measured 10 times.The experimental results show that the uncertainty of the measurement system is not more than 0.003 pixels,and the gear size can be measured in the range of 10 mm~70 mm.The relative errors of the parameters of the big and small gears are less than 1%and 2%respectively,which can meet the requirements of automatic and accurate measurement of helical gear geometric parameters.

关 键 词：斜齿轮 视觉测量 几何参数 重复性精度测试 脉冲计数法 

分 类 号：TH132.41[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TP391.41[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]