丰林自然保护区蝴蝶群落多样性  

Diversity of Butterfly Community in Fenglin National Nature Reserve

作　　者：袁改霞 YUAN Gaixia(College of bioengineering,Daqing Normal College,Daqing,Heilongjiang 163712,China)

机构地区：[1]大庆师范学院生物工程学院,黑龙江大庆163712

出　　处：《林业资源管理》2021年第5期87-96,共10页Forest Resources Management

基　　金：生态环境部生物多样性保护专项资助项目“全国生物多样性(蝴蝶)观测——黑龙江省大庆市与伊春市丰林调查样区”(SDZXWJZ012016047)。

摘　　要：为了解丰林自然保护区蝴蝶群落多样性,2016—2018年6—8月份,利用样线法对保护区内外的蝴蝶进行了调查,共记录蝶类15083只99种,隶属7科60属,其中蛱蝶科在属、种与个体数量上均最多。优势种5个,常见种19个,少见种57个,稀有种18个。各科蝴蝶以蛱蝶科多样性指数与物种丰富度最高,凤蝶科优势度指数最高,绢蝶科均匀度指数最高。各生境蝶类的多样性有明显的差异,中海拔的核心区多样性指数与物种丰富度均最高,高海拔的实验区均最低,多样性指数与丰富度指数极显著正相关(r=0.9971,P<0.001)。蝶类物种数、物种丰富度与多样性指数时序动态变化趋势一致,7月最高,6月与8月较低。保护区内外物种相似性系数0.8,为极相似;各生境间物种相似性系数为0.55~0.81,相似性较高,表明环境综合因素差异较小。总体评价:丰林自然保护区蝴蝶资源丰富,生态系统健康,环境稳定,具有较高的保护价值。To explore butterfly community diversity in Fenglin National Nature Reserve,butterflies were investigated with the line transect method inside and outside the reserve from June to August each year from 2016 to 2018.A total of 15083 butterflies were observed,of which 99 species in 60 genera under seven families were identified.Nymphalidae was the dominant family,with the most number of genera,species and individuals.There were 5 dominant species,19 common species,57 unusual species and 18 rare species.Nymphalidae had the highest diversity index and richness index,Papilionidae had the highest dominance index and Parnassiidae had the highest evenness index.There was a significant difference in diversity of butterflies among habitats,with the diversity index being the highest in medium altitude core area and the lowest in high altitude experimental area.The diversity index of butterflies had a significant positive correlation with their richness index in all habitats(r=0.9971,P<0.001).The dynamic trend of species number,the diversity index and the richness index was consistence,being the highest in July and the lower in June and August.The community similarity coefficient of species was 0.8 inside and outside the reserve,showing they were very similar.The community similarity coefficient of species among different habitats ranged from 0.55 to 0.81,high coefficient indicating slight difference of comprehensive environmental factors.In conclusion,Fenglin Nature Reserve had abundant butterfly resources,a healthy ecosystem,stable environment,and high protection value.

关 键 词：小兴安岭 蝶类 多样性 时间动态 丰林自然保护区 

分 类 号：Q16[生物学—普通生物学]