中国铁路隧道40年发展与展望  

Development and Prospect of Railway Tunnels in China in Recent 40 Years

作　　者：田四明 王伟 杨昌宇[2] 刘赪[3] 王明年[4] 王克金[5] 马志富 吕刚 TIAN Siming;WANG Wei;YANG Changyu;LIU Cheng;WANG Mingnian;WANG Kejin;MA Zhifu;LYU Gang(China Railway Economic and Planning Research Institute,Beijing 100038,China;China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group Co.,Ltd.,Chengdu 610031,Sichuan,China;China Railway First Survey and Design Institute Group Co.,Ltd.,Xi′an 710043,Shaanxi,China;Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,Sichuan,China;China Railway Siyuan Survey and Design Group Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430063,Hubei,China;China Railway Design Corporation,Tianjin 300142,China;China Railway Engineering Consulting Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100055,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁路经济规划研究院有限公司,北京100038 [2]中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司,四川成都610031 [3]中铁第一勘察设计院集团有限公司,陕西西安710043 [4]西南交通大学,四川成都610031 [5]中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司,湖北武汉430063 [6]中国铁路设计集团有限公司,天津300142 [7]中铁工程设计咨询集团有限公司,北京100055

出　　处：《隧道建设（中英文）》2021年第11期1903-1930,I0091-I0118,共56页Tunnel Construction

基　　金：中国国家铁路集团有限公司系统性重大课题(2019G038)。

摘　　要：简要介绍中国铁路隧道建设发展概况,特别是改革开放40年来中国铁路隧道建设取得的长足进步,在已建成运营的16798座(总长约19630 km)铁路隧道中,于近40年建成的就有12412座(总长约17621 km),占中国铁路隧道总长度的近90%。从隧道设计理论与方法、标准体系、支护结构体系、特殊岩土和不良地质隧道修建技术体系、风险管理体系、运营防灾疏散救援体系、隧道建造技术等方面总结中国铁路隧道取得的系列成就。通过列举标志性重点隧道工程,阐述中国铁路隧道不同时期的发展状况和技术特点。结合当前铁路隧道工程面临的技术难题和挑战,提出主动支护协同控制理念及技术、数字化勘察设计、智能建造和智能运维等发展方向。The development process of railway tunnel construction in China is briefly introduced,especially the great progress made in the 40 years of reform and opening up.Among the 16798 railway tunnels with a total length of 19630 km completed and operated,12412 have been completed in recent 40 years,with a total length of 17621 km,accounting for nearly 90%of the total length of railway tunnels in China.A series of achievements of railway tunnels in China are summarized from the aspects of tunnel design theory and method,construction technology and equipment,construction materials,disaster prevention and rescue,facility detection and maintenance,and the development status and technical characteristics of railway tunnels in different periods are expounded through representative tunnel projects.Combined with the technical problems and challenges currently faced in the railway tunnel engineering,the development directions of active support and cooperative control concept and technology,digitized survey and design,intelligent construction,and intelligent operation and maintenance are put forward.

关 键 词：铁路隧道 设计方法 标准体系 结构体系 风险管理 防灾救援 建造技术 山岭隧道 水下隧道 黄土隧道 岩溶隧道 城市隧道 主动支护 智能建造 智能运维 

分 类 号：U45[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]