秸秆覆盖与翻埋两种还田模式对农田土壤物理性质及玉米产量的影响  

Effects of Maize Straw Mulching and Burying Returning to the Field on Soil Physical Properties and Maize Yield

作　　者：高盼 刘玉涛 徐莹莹 杨慧莹 王晨 王宇先 徐婷 GAO Pan;LIU Yu-tao;XU Ying-ying;YANG Hui-ying;WANG Chen;WANG Yu-xian;XU Ting(Qiqihar Branch,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Qiqihar 161006,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江农业科学院齐齐哈尔分院,黑龙江齐齐哈尔161006

出　　处：《黑龙江农业科学》2021年第11期13-17,共5页Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：黑龙江省应用技术研究与开发计划(GA20B102-04);科技计划创新激励项目(CNYGG-2021026,CNYGG-2021024)。

摘　　要：为了探索半干旱区玉米秸秆覆盖与翻埋两种还田模式对土壤物理性质及玉米产量的影响,本试验设置常规栽培(CK)和秸秆覆盖还田、秸秆翻埋还田2种还田方式,在玉米成熟期进行土壤容重、土壤孔隙度、土壤三相比R值及玉米产量的测定。结果表明:与CK相比,成熟期覆盖还田和翻埋还田各土层的平均土壤容重分别下降4.35%和5.80%、土壤孔隙度分别提高了5.13%和6.03%、土壤含水量较CK均降低了14.81%、水分利用率分别提高了16.35%和16.20%、土壤温度分别降低了7.69%和22.31%。秸秆还田在20~40 cm土层显著降低了土壤三相比R值,覆盖还田和翻埋还田处理的土壤三相比R值分别较CK降低了56.50%和63.43%。翻埋还田和覆盖还田的百粒重分别较CK增加了15.42%和1.25%,产量分别较对照增加17.20%和15.02%。说明秸秆覆盖还田处理和翻埋还田处理均能改善土壤物理性质、提高水分利用效率和玉米产量。In order to explore the effects of maize straw mulching and burying returning to the field on soil physical properties and maize yield in semi-arid area,in this experiment,conventional cultivation(CK),straw mulching and straw burying were set up.The soil bulk density,soil porosity,soil three-phase ratio R value and maize yield were measured at the mature stage of maize.The results showed that compared with CK,the average soil bulk density of each soil layer of mulching and burying at maturity decreased by 4.35%and 5.80%respectively,and the soil porosity increased by 5.13%and 6.03%respectively.The soil water content of mulching and burying treatment decreased by 14.81%and 14.81%,the water use efficiency increased by 16.35%and 16.20%,and the soil temperature decreased by 7.69%and 22.31%respectively.Straw returning significantly reduced the soil three-phase R value in the soil layer of 20-40 cm,and the R value of mulching and burying treatment decreased by 56.50%and 63.43%compared with CK.Compared with CK,the weight of 100-seed increased by 15.42%and 1.25%respectively,and the yield increased by 17.20%and 15.02%respectively.In conclusion,straw mulching and burying can improve soil physical properties,water use efficiency and maize yield.

关 键 词：玉米 秸秆还田 秸秆覆盖 秸秆翻埋 土壤物理性质 水分利用效率 产量 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]