吐鲁番市农区鼠害种类及密度变化规律研究  

Study on the Species and Density of Rat Pest in Agricultural Areas of Turpan City

作　　者：毛亮 段晓东[2] 戴爱梅 周成松 潘卫萍 张以和 MAO Liang;DUAN Xiao-dong;DAI Ai-mei;ZHOU Cheng-song;PAN Wei-ping;ZHANG Yi-he(Xinjiang Turpan Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Turpan 838000,China;Xinjiang Urumqi Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Urumqi 830049,China;Xinjiang Bozhou Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Bole 833400,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆吐鲁番市农业技术推广中心,新疆吐鲁番838000 [2]新疆乌鲁木齐市农业技术推广中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830049 [3]新疆博州农业技术推广中心,新疆博乐833400

出　　处：《黑龙江农业科学》2021年第11期39-43,共5页Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中央财政2020年农业生产救灾农区鼠害等病虫疫情监测与防控项目;新疆天山英才人才第三期计划。

摘　　要：为加强新疆干旱农区鼠害种类研究及防治工作,本研究采用定点监测夹鼠法,通过调查西北内陆区吐鲁番市2019-2020年农区不同生境下鼠密度及鼠种构成,研究当前鼠害情况。结果表明:吐鲁番农区鼠种类有小家鼠、大沙鼠、褐家鼠、小林姬鼠,平均捕获率1.32%,其中小家鼠占比为77.59%,大沙鼠占比为14.37%,褐家鼠占比为7.47%,小林姬鼠占比为0.57%。小家鼠密度随季节大致呈现“V”型趋势,大沙鼠随季节呈现单峰趋势,褐家鼠随季节呈现“双峰”趋势,小林姬鼠随季节发生趋势较平稳。农田鼠害密度整体呈现平稳的“W”型趋势,农户鼠害密度整体呈现下降的“W”型趋势,农田鼠害和农户鼠害密度随季节变化整体呈现相反趋势。本地鼠种主要以小家鼠为主,以大沙鼠和褐家鼠为辅;农户鼠害密度高峰期在3月和7月,农田鼠害高峰期在5月和10月出现高峰期。In order to strengthen the research and control of rat pest in arid agricultural areas of Xinjiang,the fixed-point monitoring rat trap method was used to study the current rat damage by investigating the rat pest density and species composition in different habitats in Turpan City,northwest inland region,from 2019 to 2020.The results showed that the species of rat pest in Turpan agricultural area were Mus musculus,Rhombomys opimus,Rattus norvegicus and Apodemus kobayashi.The average capture rate of rat pest was 1.32%,of which Mus musculus accounted for 77.59%,Rhombomys opimus accounted for 14.37%,Rattus norvegicus accounted for 7.47%and Apodemus kobayashi accounted for 0.57%.The density of Mus musculus showed a“V”trend with the season,the density of Rhombomys opimus showed a single peak trend with the season,the density of Rattus norvegicus showed a“double peak”trend with the season,and the density of Apodemus kobayashi showed a stable trend with the season.The overall rat density in farmland showed a stable“W”trend,the overall rat density in farmers showed a downward“W”trend,and the overall rat density in farmland and farmers showed a opposite trend with the season.The local rat pest species are mainly Mus musculus,supplemented by Rhombomys opimus and Rattus norvegicus;The peak of rat pest density of farmers is in March and July,and the peak of farmland rat pest is in May and October.

关 键 词：吐鲁番市 农区 鼠害种类 鼠害密度 变化规律 

分 类 号：R18[医药卫生—流行病学]