真菌对西加云杉木材的感染途径及其材色和化学成分的影响  

Effects of three kinds of fungi on color,chemical composition and route of infection of Picea sitchensis

作　　者：赵洋 任佳 郑欣欣 潘彪 冷魏祺[1,2] ZHAO Yang;REN Jia;ZHENG Xinixn;PAN Biao;LENG Weiqi(College of Materials Science and Engineering,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China;Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学材料科学与工程学院,南京210037 [2]南京林业大学林业资源高效加工利用协同创新中心,南京210037

出　　处：《林业工程学报》2021年第6期88-93,共6页Journal of Forestry Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32001259);江苏省自然科学基金(BK20200796)。

摘　　要：在西加云杉饲木上分别接种链格孢霉(Alternaria alternate)、桔青霉(Penicillium citrinum)和绿色木霉(Trichoderma atroviride)3种真菌,培养周期为4周,通过材面色差分析法、扫描电镜观察、红外分析法和美国可再生能源实验室(NREL)法研究3种真菌对西加云杉木材材色、化学成分的影响及其感染途径。研究结果表明:3种真菌造成的木材变色不一致,链格孢霉组试样红化明显,桔青霉组试样蓝化明显,绿色木霉组试样黄化明显,色差ΔE分别为32.33,17.94和22.97;西加云杉受霉菌侵染后,显微镜下未观察到细胞壁出现溶蚀现象,轴向管胞和射线薄壁细胞内充满菌丝,菌丝通过纹孔穿过细胞;在链格孢霉、桔青霉和绿色木霉的作用下,西加云杉木材中半纤维素发生了部分降解,半纤维素相对含量从25.53%分别降至23.73%,24.27%和24.09%,而纤维素和木质素的相对含量升高。西加云杉木材受霉菌侵染后变色非常明显,轴向管胞和射线薄壁细胞内充满菌丝,菌丝通过纹孔穿过细胞,但显微镜下观察细胞壁未出现溶蚀现象。The Picea sitchensis wood is white in color,exquisite in material,straight in texture,and has good resonance properties.However,the Picea sitchensis wood contains a large number of sugars,starches and proteins,which are easy to be infected by fungi,resulting in mildew and discoloration of wood.The discoloration parts of the wood must be removed in the subsequent manufacturing process,which will cause great wastes.In this study,the color difference analysis,scanning electron microscope,infrared analysis and chemical composition analysis were conducted to evaluate the effects of three kinds of fungi on wood color,chemical composition,and infection pathway of Picea sitchensis.Three kinds of fungi(Alternaria alternate,Penicillium citrinum and Trichoderma atroviride)were inoculated on the Picea sitchensis wood for four weeks.Results showed as follows:(1)The discoloration caused by the three kinds of fungi were inconsistent,of which,the samples infected by A.alternate showed red discoloration,the samples infected by P.citrinum showed blue discoloration,while those infected by T.atroviride showed yellow discoloration.The total color differencesΔE were 32.33,17.94 and 22.97,respectively.The discolorations of the three fungi were obvious.(2)The cell walls of the Picea sitchensis wood infected with the three kinds of fungi were not dissolved according to the microscope examinations,with the axial tracheids and ray parenchyma cells filled with hyphae,which passed through the pits.Three kinds of fungi infection depths were different,A.alternate can infect the interior of the Picea sitchensis wood,but P.citrinum and T.atroviride cannot infect the interior of the wood.(3)The hemicelluloses of the Picea sitchensis wood were degraded by all three kinds of fungi,and the relative content of hemicellulose decreased from 25.53%tO_(2)3.73%,24.27%and 24.09%,respectively.However,the relative content of cellulose and lignin increased.The Fourier infrared spectrum(FT-IR)revealed that the absorption peaks at 1730 cm^(-1) of carbonyl and

关 键 词：西加云杉 真菌 木材材色 化学成分 

分 类 号：S781.52[农业科学—木材科学与技术]