受约束高分子链的拉伸  

Stretching of Polymer Chains in Confinement

作　　者：李凯 叶天宇 王记增[1] LI Kai;YE Tianyu;WANG Jizeng(Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western China,The Ministry of Education of China,College of Civil Engineering and Mechanics,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学土木工程与力学学院西部灾害与环境力学教育部重点实验室,兰州730000

出　　处：《应用数学和力学》2021年第10期1008-1023,共16页Applied Mathematics and Mechanics

基　　金：国家杰出青年科学基金(11925204)。

摘　　要：高分子生物材料微观力学性质的定量刻画,以及先进生物微纳米技术与器件的发展,均需要定量分析生物大分子等高分子链在复杂微环境中的统计热力学性质与行为.在实现这一目标的过程中,连续介质力学与统计热力学的交叉研究扮演着很重要的角色.针对这一领域的力学问题,该综述先从DNA分子的受力拉伸出发,通过引入描述高分子链统计热力学性质的几类理论模型,指出了蠕虫链相较其他理想随机链模型在描述半柔性高分子链力与构型变化关系时具有较为显著的优势,从而使得人们对高分子在复杂微环境下,统计热力学性质与行为的定性与定量认识在很大程度上取决于基于蠕虫链模型的相关研究进展.根据这一事实,通过回顾与梳理空间几何约束对高分子链随机构象分布影响、高分子链在拉力与约束同时作用的统计热力学建模、以及基于高性能计算机的高分子链统计物理性质仿真等各方面研究的现状,系统总结了蠕虫链在不同约束与受力微环境下,其统计热力学性质与行为研究的最新进展和依旧存在的挑战性难题.最后,通过总结分析,指出了蠕虫链在复杂微环境下的统计热力学研究是从分子与细胞尺度理解生命现象、发展先进微纳米技术以及构建软物质本构关系的重要基础,目前已成为极富挑战性的力学交叉科学前沿课题.The quantitative characterization of micromechanical properties of polymer biomaterials and the development of advanced biological micro-/nano-technology and devices need quantitative analysis of the statistical thermodynamic properties and behaviors of polymer chains such as biological macromolecules in complex microenvironment.To achieve this goal,the cross research of continuum mechanics and statistical thermodynamics plays a very important role.Aimed at the mechanics problems in this field,starting from the force stretching of DNA molecules,several theoretical models were introduced to describe the statistical thermodynamic properties of polymer chains,and the wormlike chain model was deemed to have more significant advantages in describing the relationship between forces and configuration changes of semi-flexible polymer chains than other ideal random chain models,so that the qualitative and quantitative understanding of the statistical thermodynamic properties and behaviors of polymers in complex microenvironment was deemed to be largely dependent on the relevant research progresses based on the wormlike chain model.Based on this fact,the research on the influence of geometric constraints on the random conformation distribution of polymer chains,the research on the statistical thermodynamic model for polymer chains under the simultaneous action of tension and constraints,and the simulation research on the statistical physical properties of polymer chains based on high-performance computers,were reviewed,and the latest progress and challenging problems in the research of statistical thermodynamic properties and behavior of worm chains under different constraints and stress microenvironments were summarized.Finally,through summary and analysis,it is pointed out that the study of statistical thermodynamics of worm chains in complex microenvironment is an important basis for understanding life phenomena from the molecular and cellular scale,developing advanced micro-and nano-technology and constructing the cons

关 键 词：高分子链 DNA 蠕虫链模型 拉伸 约束 统计热力学 

分 类 号：O369[理学—流体力学]