用真空杯改进混合法测量冰的熔化热实验  

Measuring the melting heat of ice with a vacuum cupbased on the mixing method

作　　者：薛玉琪 何振辉 XUE Yu-qi;HE Zhen-hui(School of Physics and Astronomy, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学物理与天文学院,广东珠海519082

出　　处：《物理实验》2021年第11期9-13,共5页Physics Experimentation

摘　　要：混合法是测量冰的熔化热实验的常用方法,但在教学实验中用铝杯为量热器的测量精度较低.本文采用家用真空杯作为量热器替代原铝杯及其隔热装置,更贴合该实验的物理模型,可以以更低的成本取得更高的测量精度.采用真空杯测量冰的熔化热能够拓展到居家实验,通过1个学期的教学实践,对不同实验方法及其测量结果进行对比分析,发现真空杯不仅减少了实验过程中的热量散失,还减小了实验误差,简化了物理模型.Mixing method is a common method to measure the melting heat of ice in experimental teaching,but the measurement accuracy is barely satisfactory by using an aluminum cup as the calorimeter.In this paper,a household vacuum cup was used as the calorimeter to replace the aluminum cup and the surrounding heat insulator,which was more appropriate for the physical model and could achieve higher measurement accuracy with lower cost.Measuring the heat of melting of ice with the vacuum cup could be extended to home experiments.Through one semester of teaching practice,different experimental methods and measurement results were compared and analyzed,and it was found that vacuum cups not only reduce the heat loss during the experiment,but also reduced the experimental error and simplified the physical model.

关 键 词：冰的熔化热 真空杯 量热器 居家实验 

分 类 号：O551.3[理学—热学与物质分子运动论]