不同灌溉定额对滴灌骏枣生长的影响  

Effects of Different Irrigation Quotas on the Growth of Red Jujube Under Drip Irrigation

作　　者：张波 吕廷波[1,2] 赵秀杰 王东旺 徐强 邢猛[1,2] 周小杰 ZHANG Bo;L Tingbo;ZHAO Xiujie;WANG Dongwang;XU Qiang;XING Meng;ZHOU Xiaojie(College of Water Conservancy and Building Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000;Key Laboratory of Modern Water-saving Irrigation Corps, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000;Water Resources Management Center of the 14th Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Hetian, Xinjiang 848100)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学水利建筑工程学院,新疆石河子832000 [2]现代节水灌溉兵团重点实验室,新疆石河子832000 [3]新疆生产建设兵团第十四师水资源管理中心,新疆和田848100

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2021年第6期168-174,182,共8页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：兵团节水灌溉试验计划项目(BTJSSY-202006)。

摘　　要：研究和田地区滴灌条件下不同灌溉定额对骏枣生长的影响及土壤水分变化情况,分别设计4个水分梯度,研究其在不同水分梯度下枣树新稍、光合作用、产量变化情况,并采用烘干法测量骏枣全生育期土壤含水率。枣树在萌芽展叶期和开花坐果期新稍生长较快,新稍长度和稍径均满足W3<W1<CK<W2,低水和高水处理对新梢长度及稍径的生长均有抑制作用,且高水处理的抑制作用更加明显。净光合速率(LWUE)表现为W3<W1<CK<W2,W1、W3处理叶片水分利用效率仅为CK处理的83.03%,63.64%,而W2比CK提高26.67%。各灌水处理枣树在滴灌带正下方和距离滴灌带45 cm处0—150 cm土壤含水率随着时间的推移呈现先增大后减小的趋势,并于果实膨大期达最大值,滴灌带正下方全生育期0—150 cm土壤含水率平均值满足W1<W2<CK<W3,而距离滴灌带45 cm处则满足W1<CK<W2<W3;灌水后,湿润锋横向移动范围为0—30 cm,纵向移动范围为0—100 cm。在产量方面表现为W3<W1<CK<W2,W2相较CK处理产量提高10.93%,W1、W3相较CK处理产量分别降低8.20%,9.54%;在灌溉水利用效率方面表现为W3<CK<W1<W2。在南疆荒漠绿洲区W2(420 m^(3)/667 m^(2))处理比较适宜滴灌骏枣生长,其产量最高(540.56 kg/667 m^(2)),灌溉水利用效率最大(1.29 kg/m^(3))。In order to study the effects of different irrigation quotas on the growth of red jujube and the dynamic changes of soil moisture under drip irrigation in the Hetian area of southern Xinjiang,four moisture gradients were designed to study the changes of new shoots,photosynthesis and yield under different water gradients,and the soil water content in the whole growth period of jujube was measured by drying method.Jujube trees grew faster at the budding leaf development stage and the flowering and fruit-setting stage.The length and diameter of the jujube new shoots followed the order of W3<W1<CK<W2.Low water and high water treatments had an inhibitory effect on the growth of new shoot length and diameter,and the inhibition effect of high water treatment was more obvious.The net photosynthetic rate(LWUE)followed the order of W3<W1<CK<W2.The water use efficiency of leaves treated with W1 and W3 was only 83.03%and 63.64%of that of CK treatment,while it was 26.67%higher in W2 than that in CK.For each treatment,the soil water content at 0—150 cm depth of jujube trees those grew directly below and in 45 cm away from the drip irrigation belt increased first and then decreased with time,and reached the maximum value at the fruit expansion stage.The average soil moisture content at 0—150 cm depth directly below the drip irrigation belt in the whole growth period followed the order of W1<W2<CK<W3,while the that of 45 cm away from the drip irrigation belt followed the order of W1<CK<W2<W3.After irrigation,the horizontal movement range of the wet front was 0—30 cm,and the longitudinal movement range was 0—100 cm.The jujube yield followed the order of W3<W1<CK<W2.Compared with CK,the yield of W2 increased by 10.93%,while the yields of W1 and W3reduced by 8.20%and 9.54%,respectively.The irrigation water use efficiency followed the order of W3<CK<W1<W2.In the desert oasis area of southern Xinjiang,W2(420 m^(3)/667 m^(2))treatment was more suitable for drip irrigation red jujub growth,with the highest yield(540.56 kg/667 m

关 键 词：骏枣 滴灌 新稍 光合作用 土壤含水率 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程]