法典化的合同法:新进展、新问题及新对策  

Codified Contract Law:New Progress,New Problems and Countermeasures

作　　者：韩世远[1] HAN Shiyuan

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院

出　　处：《法治研究》2021年第6期3-17,共15页Research on Rule of Law

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“合同法立法相关问题研究”(项目编号:17AFX020)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：中国《民法典》不设“债法总则”,有别于德国潘德克顿体系的做法;引入“准合同”概念,以便将无因管理与不当得利安置在“合同编”;在保持违约责任国际化的同时,充实相关具体规则。经由法典化,中国合同法增加了诸多新规定,既是发展的里程碑,又带来了若干新问题:一般债法规则的识别、适用、参照适用及类推适用,情事变更的类型补充及效果补充,以及定期继续性合同的提前解除等,它们或涉及《民法典》合同编的体系构造及裁判适用,或涉及法律漏洞的填补。面对问题,最高人民法院应借《民法典》施行的东风,在实践中继续促进中国合同法的发展;而中国多元的法之“混合继受”,日后必然要求与之相应的学说的“整合解释”,民法学者任重而道远。The new Chinese Civil Code does not have a Book named General Part of Law of Obligation,instead of which it has a Book III"Contracts",and this is different from German Civil Code following a Pandecten system.The new Code arranges both management of affairs without mandate and unjust enrichment by adopting a title named"quasi-contracts"in its Book III.While its basic internationalized style in remedies for breach of contract being kept,the Code enriches its relevant special rules.This paper firstly summarizes the main new provisions and rules in the Code,and then points out there compelling questions while applying the Code,namely:(1)how to identify general rules of law of obligations and when should a judge either apply,or apply mutatis mutandis,or apply by analogy the rules in the relevant provisions of the General Provisions of the Book III to those obligations not based on a contract;(2)how to fill the gaps in the new provision on change of circumstances;and(3)how to fill a gap of the Code as to termination of a long-term contract before it getting its term.The Supreme People's Court(the SPC)is preparing a new Judicial Interpretation as to applying the Book III of the Code,and trying to answer the above questions in it.This paper analyzes defects in the SPC's new draft,and provides the author's more reasonable solutions as to the above questions.

关 键 词：一般债法规则 情事变更 继续性合同 准合同 

分 类 号：D923.6[政治法律—民商法学]