蚯蚓肥对铜锌污染土壤中紫花苜蓿生长及重金属累积的影响  

The effects of vermicompost on the growth and the heavy metal accumulation of Medicago Sativa L.in Cu and Zn contaminated soil

作　　者：贾亚敏[1] 刘伟[1] 王琪 张永波[1] 王建武[2] 杨永亮[2] 李京玲[1] Jia Yamin;Liu Wei;Wang Qi;Zhang Yongbo;Wang Jianwu;Yang Yongliang;Li Jingling(College of Water Resources Science and Engineering,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China;Shanxi Institute of Geological Survey,Taiyuan 030006,China)

机构地区：[1]太原理工大学水利科学与工程学院,山西太原030024 [2]山西省地质调查院,山西太原030006

出　　处：《山西农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第5期121-128,共8页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：山西省应用基础研究项目(201701D221223);山西省自然基金面上项目(201901D111059)。

摘　　要：[目的]本文旨在探讨蚯蚓肥在紫花苜蓿修复重金属污染农田中的调控作用,提高土壤重金属的修复去除效率。[方法]本研究在铜和锌超标农田原位种植紫花苜蓿进行修复,设置0(对照),1.0、2.0、4.0 kg·m^(-2)不同用量水平的蚯蚓肥处理,研究蚯蚓肥对紫花苜蓿植株生物量积累及重金属富集转运特征的影响。[结果]2.0 kg·m^(-2)用量蚯蚓肥可显著促进株高和生物量积累,在分枝现蕾期进行第一次刈割时,株高、地上和地下部分生物量积累达到高峰,较对照处理单株生物量干重平均增加29.5%;施用蚯蚓肥可显著提高紫花苜蓿植株生长前期对铜和锌的转运和富集系数,分枝现蕾时期对铜和锌的转运系数可达0.70和0.90;2.0 kg·m^(-2)蚯蚓肥用量下,单株紫花苜蓿植株富集铜和锌总量分别为0.57 mg和1.12 mg,是对照处理的2.19和1.78倍;蚯蚓肥施入可促进耕层土壤还原态和弱酸态重金属占比增加,提高土壤中铜和锌的生物有效性。[结论]铜和锌重金属超标农田土壤修复时,辅以2.0 kg·m^(-2)蚯蚓肥可提高紫花苜蓿生物量积累及植株对铜和锌的富集转运量,提高紫花苜蓿植株对铜和锌超标土壤的修复效率。[Objective]The present study was designed to explore the effects of vermicompost in the remediation of heavy metal contaminated farmland by alfalfa,and to improve the soil heavy metals removal efficiency.[Methods]In the study,alfalfa was planted in situ in the farmland where Cu and Zn content exceeded the standard for restoration.The soil was treated with different amount levels of 1.0,2.0,and 4.0 kg·m^(-2) and zero vermicompost treatment as control group.The effects of vermicompost on alfalfa plant biomass accumulation,heavy metal accumulation and transportation characteristics during the remediation process were investigated.[Results]The results indicated that the amount of vermicompost at 2.0 kg·m^(-2) significantly promoted plant height and biomass accumulation.When the first cutting was carried out during the budding stage of the branches,the accumulation of plant height,above-ground and under-ground parts of the biomass reached the peak.The dry weight of plant biomass increased by an average of 29.5%;the application of vermicompost significantly improved the Cu and Zn transport and enrichment coefficients of alfalfa during the early growth period,and the transport coefficients of Cu and Zn reached 0.70 and 0.90,respectively,during the branch budding period.At a amount of 2 kg·m^(-2) vermicompost application,the total amount of Cu and Zn enriched by a single plant were 0.57 mg and 1.12 mg,respectively,which were 2.19 and 1.78 times higher than that of the control treatment.The application of vermicompost increased the proportion of heavy metals at reduced and weak acid state and the bioavailability of Cu and Zn in the soils.[Conclusion]When the Cu and Zn heavy metals exceed the standard of farmland soil remediation,supplemented with 2.0 kg·m^(-2) vermicompost as base fertilizer can increase the plant biomass accumulations and the accumulation of Cu and Zn by the plants.

关 键 词：蚯蚓肥 重金属铜和锌 赋存形态 富集 转运 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]