秸秆还田条件下氮肥减施对稻田土壤养分及酶活性和产量的影响  

Effect of Nitrogen Application Reduction of Rice on Soil Fertility,Enzyme Activity and Yield under Continuous Straw Returning to Field

作　　者：张俊莹 赵立琴[1] 吴金花[1] 庞晨 李鹏绯 焦峰[1] Zhang Junying;Zhao Liqin;Wu Jinhua;Pang Chen;Li Pengfei;Jiao Feng(Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing 163319;Heilongjiang Qianjin Farm Modern Agricultural Development Center)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学,大庆163319 [2]黑龙江省前进农场现代农业发展中心

出　　处：《黑龙江八一农垦大学学报》2021年第5期30-35,共6页journal of heilongjiang bayi agricultural university

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划子课题(2015BAD23B05-07);国家重点研发计划子课题(2016YFD0300902-05)。

摘　　要：为探究在连续秸秆还田条件下,氮肥减施对土壤养分及酶活性的影响,在黑龙江省前进农场科技示范园区进行了五年定位试验,试验共设7个处理,即单施氮肥、单施秸秆、秸秆还田+100%氮肥、秸秆还田+减氮10%、秸秆还田+减氮20%、秸秆还田+减氮30%,以不施秸秆及氮肥为对照,比较各处理0~20、20~40 cm土层土壤养分和酶活性及产量的变化。结果表明:秸秆还田+减氮10%处理可以提高土壤全氮、全钾含量,与对照相比不同土层全氮含量提高了6.25%、25.61%,全钾含量提高了9.65%、4.68%;秸秆还田+减氮10%处理与其他秸秆还田+氮肥处理相比可以提高土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量,与秸秆还田+100%氮肥处理相比上、下两层土壤碱解氮含量分别提高了17.37%、15.69%,有效磷提高了3.74%、19.87%,速效钾提高了4.64%、30.76%;秸秆还田+减氮10%处理与单施氮肥处理相比土壤速效钾含量降低;秸秆还田+减氮10%处理与单施秸秆处理相比可以提高0~20 cm土层有效磷和速效钾的含量;秸秆还田+减氮10%处理可以提高碱性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶活性;秸秆还田+减氮10%处理与单施氮肥处理相比可以提高水稻产量。在秸秆还田条件下,减氮量超过10%时,氮量减少,水稻产量降低。在该试验条件下,秸秆还田+减氮10%为适合的水稻种植模式。In order to study the effect of nitrogen fertilizer on soil nutrients and enzyme activity of continuous straw returning soil,the experiment was carried out in the Qianjin Farm in Heilongjiang province.There were 7 treatments,namely,no straw returning,no nitrogen fertilizer,nitrogen fertilizer only,straw returning+reducing nitrogen by 10%,straw returning+reducing nitrogen by 20% and straw returning+reducing nitrogen by 30%.Through five-year positioning test,the effects of different treatments on nutrients and enzyme activities of different layer soil were compared.The results showed that straw returning+reducing nitrogen by 10% could increase the total nitrogen and total potassium contents.Compared with control,the two soil layers of total nitrogen increased by 6.25% and 25.61%,and total potassium contents were increased by 9.65% and 4.68%.Compared with other treatments,straw returning+reducing nitrogen by 10% could improve the content of alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen,available P and available K.Compared with straw returning+100% nitrogen fertilizer treatment,the alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen in the upper and lower soil layers increased by 17.37% and 15.69%,respectively.The available P increased by 3.74%,19.87%and available K increased by 4.64%,30.76% respectively.The content of available P and available K in 0~20 cm soil could be increased by 10% nitrogen reduction when straw was applied.The results showed that 10% nitrogen reduction could increase the activity of alkaline phosphatase and catalase,and 10% nitrogen reduction could increase the rice yield compared with no straw treatment.When straw returning+more than 10% nitrogen fertilizer reduction were applied,the rice yield decreased with the reduction in nitrogen application.Under the condition of this experiment,straw returning+reducing nitrogen by 10% was a suitable rice planting mode.

关 键 词：秸秆还田 氮肥减施 土壤养分 酶活性 产量 

分 类 号：S147[农业科学—肥料学]