基于限域特性的电催化剂调控  

Regulation of Electrocatalysts Based on Confinement-Induced Properties

作　　者：郑堂飞 蒋金霞[1] 王健 胡素芳 丁炜[1] 魏子栋[1] Tangfei Zheng;Jinxia Jiang;Jian Wang;Sufang Hu;Wei Ding;Zidong Wei(Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chemical Process for Clean Energy and Resource Utilization,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Chongqing University,Chongqing 401331,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学化学化工学院,洁净能源与资源利用化工过程重庆市重点实验室,重庆401331

出　　处：《物理化学学报》2021年第11期88-100,共13页Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(22022502,21776024);重庆市自然科学基金杰出青年基金(cstc2020jcyjjqX0013);重庆市青年创新拔尖人才计划(02200011130003)资助项目。

摘　　要：开发高效催化剂是促进包括电能源、碳循环等洁净新能源技术发展的关键。这些新型物质能源转换过程往往涉及光子、电子、质子等量子尺度的粒子转换,而常规纳米尺度催化剂调控策略已略显困难。原子分子尺度的限域空间带来的强相互作用、强分子碰撞,一方面增加了反应几率,另一方面显著影响了内部分子/原子的电子结构。更为重要的是,限域空间赋予了内部物质不同于开放体系下的特性。这些限域特性在调控催化剂上展现出巨大优势。本文从限域角度出发,综述利用原子、分子尺度限域特性对电催化剂分子构型、配位结构、电荷转移填充、介观调控、催化剂表面能量场的调控机制与方法,以及在燃料电池、物质能源转换方面的应用和未来发展方向的展望。The development of highly efficient and low-cost electrocatalysts is important for both hydrogen-and carbon-based energy technologies. The electronic structure and coordination features, particularly the coordination environment and the amount of low-coordination atoms, of the catalyst are key factors that determine their catalytic activity and stability in a particular reaction.The regulation and rational design of catalytic materials at the molecular and atomic levels are crucial to achieving precise chemical synthesis at the atomic scale. Recently, significant efforts have been made to engineer coordination features and electronic structures by reducing the particle size, tuning the composition of the edges, and exposing specific planes of crystals. Among these representative strategies, the methods based on the confinement effect are most effective for achieving precise chemical synthesis with atomic precision at the molecular and atomic levels. Under molecular or atomic scale confinement, the physicochemical properties are largely altered, and the chemical reactions as well as the catalytic process are completely changed. The unique spatial and dimensional properties of the confinement regulate the molecular structure, atomic arrangement, electron transfer, and other properties of matter in space. It not only adjusts the coordination environments to control the formation mechanism of active centers, but also influences the structural and electronic properties of electrocatalysts. Therefore, the adsorption of catalytic intermediates is altered, and consequently, the catalytic activity and selectivity are changed. In a confined reaction, usually in suitable nano-reactors, the physicochemical properties of reaction products, such as the state of matter, solubility, dielectric constant, and molecular orbital, are finely modulated. Thus, the catalysts produced by confinement significantly differ from those produced in an open system. For example, atomic-layered metals with low coordination can be produced in a tw

关 键 词：限域特性 电催化剂 电子结构 配位性质 分子构型 

分 类 号：O646[理学—物理化学]