种植密度对玉米亲本及其杂交F_(1)耐密性的影响  

Effect of planting density on density-tolerance of maize hybirds F_(1) and its parent inbred lines

作　　者：李晓鹏 祁炳琴 朱丽斌 李碧霞 胡静 潘志远 段燕燕 勾玲[1] LI Xiaopeng;QI Bingqin;ZHU Libin;LI Bixia;HU Jing;PAN Zhiyuan;DUAN Yanyan;GOU Ling(Agricultural College of Shihezi University/The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832003,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学农学院/新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室,新疆石河子832003

出　　处：《石河子大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第5期553-559,共7页Journal of Shihezi University(Natural Science)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31760361)。

摘　　要：以郑单958及其亲本为试验材料,设置3个种植密度(4.5、9.0、13.5万株/hm^(2)),研究种植密度对玉米亲本及杂交种F_(1)耐密抗倒伏特性的影响。结果表明:郑单958穗位高的杂种优势和超亲优势均随密度增加而减小,且穗位高的杂种优势明显高于株高和穗位系数。杂交种及其亲本棒三叶叶夹角均随密度的增加而减小,叶向值的杂种优势和超亲优势均随密度增加先减小后增加,且均表现为母本低于父本。基部第3节间穿刺强度在低密和中密条件下表现杂种F_(1)均高于其亲本,而在高密条件下F_(1)高于其父本而低于母本,表现为中亲优势。穗粒数、千粒重和理论产量的杂种优势和超亲优势随着密度增加而减小,穗粒数和理论产量杂种优势指数较大,超亲优势较强,而千粒重超父优势较强。因此,应选择穗位高及穗位系数较低、棒三叶茎叶夹角小、茎秆抗倒伏能力较强的自交系做母本,棒三叶叶夹角较小、基部节间茎秆强度较高的自交系做父本,有助于玉米耐密、抗倒伏优良杂交种的选育。Using Zhengdan 958 and its parent inbred lines as experiment materials,three planting densities(4.5,9.0,13.5 plants/m^(2))were set up to study the effect of planting density on the density-tolerance and lodging resistance of maize parent inbred lines and hybrid F_(1).The results showed that the heterosis and transgressive heterosis of plant height and ear height of Zhengdan 958 decreased with the increase of plant density,and the heterosis of ear height was significantly higher than ear ratio.The stalk-leaf angle of the three ear leaves(a leaf above ear,an ear leaf and a leaf below ear)in hybrids and its parents decreased with the increase of density.The heterosis and transgressive heterosis of leaf orientation value decreased first,and then increased with the increase of density,the female parent is lower than the male parent.The rind penetration strength showed that F_(1) was higher than its parent inbred lines in low-density and medium-density conditions,but higher than its male parent and lower than female parent in high-density conditions.The heterosis and transgressive heterosis of grain per spikes,1000-grain weight,and theoretical yield decreased with the increase of density.Heterosis and transgressive heterosis for grain per spikes and the grain yield was higher,super-father advantage for 1000-grain weight was higher.Therefore,inbred lines with lower ear height and ear ratio,smaller angle between stalk and leaf of three ear leaves,stronger lodging resistance of stem should be selected as the female parent.The inbred lines with smaller angle between stalk and leaf of three ear leaves and higher rind penetration strength should be selected as male parent,which was contribute to the breeding of dense and lodging-resistant hybrids.

关 键 词：玉米 种植密度 自交系 耐密性 杂种优势 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]