竖井对新疆盐碱地新开垦枣田土壤盐分的影响  

Effects of shaft drainage on soil salinity of newly reclaimed jujube fields in saline land of Xinjiang

作　　者：李玲 刘洪光[1] 阿尔娜古丽·艾买提 林恩 LI Ling;LIU Hongguang;Aernaguli Aimaiti;LIN En(College of Water&Architectural Engineering/Key Laboratory of Modern Water-Saving Irrigation of Xinjiang Production&Construction Group,Shihezi University,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832003,China;Xinjiang Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830000,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学水利建筑工程学院/石河子大学现代节水灌溉兵团重点实验室,新疆石河子832003 [2]新疆水利水电科学研究院,新疆乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《石河子大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第5期571-578,共8页Journal of Shihezi University(Natural Science)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51269067);国家科技支撑计划(2016YFC0501402)。

摘　　要：为研究竖井排水工程对极端干旱区新开垦盐碱地水盐运移的影响,本文在新疆和田地区墨玉县新开垦枣树种植灌区布设2口井深30 m、直径250 mm、间距500 m的竖井进行田间试验,测定不同距井距离下各土层深度土壤含盐量,以两年田间实测资料为依据分析滴灌条件下竖井排盐效果。结果表明:在距离竖井0~250 m的土层深度0~100 cm内,果实成熟期相比于萌芽期在2016年、2017年土壤总盐分别减少52.11%、56.58%,两年累计减少59.34%,萌芽期、果实成熟期分别减少9.34%、14.42%;2016年、2017年在距离竖井100 m范围内平均脱盐率分别为66.41%、70.09%,1m土体脱盐率分别为51.28%、56.06%;生育期间在距离竖井0~100 m、土层深度0~100 cm内高效均匀脱盐,非生育期间在距井0~100 m范围内土壤表层0~20 cm内返盐显著,而2017年萌芽期比2016年萌芽期在距井0~100 m范围内土层0~100 cm脱盐率为15.77%,竖井工程明显降低年际间返盐程度并导致年内间土壤全剖面显著脱盐,试验期间竖井脱盐效果随运行时间增加有所增强,但基本保持稳定。因此,竖井排水降盐效果最优的范围在距井100m内,竖井对新疆新开垦林果种植灌区的盐碱化程度有明显改良作用。In order to study the influence of shaft drainage engineering on water and salt transport in newly-opened saline-alkali land in extreme arid area,field experiments were carried out in the newly-opened jujube planting irrigation area of Moyu County in Hetian District,Xinjiang province,by laying 2 drainage shafts with a depth of 30 m,a diameter of 250 mm and a spacing of 500 m.The soil salinity of the soil layer was measured at different distances from the shaft.Based on the two-year field measured data,the salt drainage effect of shaft under the drip irrigation condition was analyzed.The results showed that,fruit maturation period compared with germination stage,the total salt content in the soil depth of 0~100 cm within 250 m away from the shaft in 2016 and 2017 decreased by 52.11% and 56.58% respectively,the total soil salinity decreased by 59.34% in two years,and the total salt content in the germinated and fruit mature stages decreased by 9.34% and 14.42% respectively;The desalination rates within 100m away from the shaft were 66.41% and 70.09% respectivelyin 2016 and 2017,and those within 1 m of soil depth were 51.28% and 56.06% respectively.The shaft drainage project was efficient and uniform desalination within 100 m from the well and 0~100 cm in the depth of the soil layer during the growth period,the salt return was significant within 100 m from the well and 0~20 cm in the depth of the soil layer during non-fertility period.While compared with the germination period in 2016,the desalination rate of 0~100 cm soil layer in the range of 0~100 m from the well in 2017 was 15.77%.In conclusion,the vertical shaft project significantly reduces the inter annual salt return and results in significant desalting of the whole soil profile during the year,and the desalination effect of the shaft drainage project during the test is enhanced with the increase of the operating period but it is basically stable.The optimal range of shaft drainage and salt reduction is within 100 m from the well,and the shaft has a signific

关 键 词：竖井排水 盐分运移 盐碱地 新开垦灌区 

分 类 号：S276.7[农业科学—农业水土工程]