聚多巴胺改性的CL-20和FOX-7炸药力学性能及热稳定性  

Mechanical Properties and Thermal Stabilities of CL-20 and FOX-7 Explosives Modified by Polydopamine

作　　者：杨学林 曾诚成 巩飞艳[1] 杨文彬[2] 杨志剑[1] YANG Xue-lin;ZENG Cheng-cheng;GONG Fei-yan;YANG Wen-bin;YANG Zhi-jian(Institute of Chemical Materials,CAEP,Mianyang 621999,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang 621010,China)

机构地区：[1]中国工程物理研究院化工材料研究所,四川绵阳621999 [2]西南科技大学材料科学与工程学院,四川绵阳621010

出　　处：《含能材料》2021年第11期1049-1060,I0005,共13页Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助21875232。

摘　　要：炸药的热稳定性及力学性能已成为影响武器装备安全性的重要因素。为提高六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(CL-20)和1,1-二氨基-2,2-二硝基乙烯(FOX-7)炸药的热稳定性及高聚物黏结炸药(PBX)的力学性能,基于多巴胺(DA)氧化自聚合反应包覆CL-20和FOX-7炸药晶体。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、热分析仪(TG/DSC)、动态力学分析仪(DMA)、接触角测量仪、激光粒度仪、高效液相色谱(HPLC)、BAM撞击感度仪、红外吸收光谱仪、万能材料试验机等,对表面改性颗粒的形貌结构、粒径、包覆含量、感度、热分解性能及其制备的PBX力学性能进行测试。结果表明,多巴胺能在含能晶体表面形成很好的聚多巴胺(PDA)包覆层,通过调控聚合时间可以获得不同的表面包覆形态;同时,PDA还能改善炸药晶体的界面性质,有利于黏结剂的均匀分布;PDA包覆抑制CL-20的转晶,提高CL-20的活化能,提升热稳定性。力学性能表明,CL-20基PBX的巴西强度和压缩强度都得到提高,最高分别提升了34.27%、10.21%;FOX-7基PBX的巴西强度和压缩强度也都得到提高,最高分别提升了40.44%和11.92%,且包覆后,试样的延伸率均有所提升。另外,表面包覆PDA后,两种炸药的蠕变得到明显抑制,抗蠕变性能改善。The thermal stabilities and mechanical properties of explosives are important factors affecting the safety of weapons.In order to improve the thermal stability of hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane(CL-20)and 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene(FOX-7)explosives and the mechanical properties of the CL-20 and FOX-7 based PBXs,modified CL-20 and FOX-7 crystals were prepared based on the oxidative self-polymerization reaction of dopamine(DA).Scanning electron microscope(SEM),thermal analysis(TG),dynamic mechanical analysis(DMA),static contact angle,laser particle size analyzer,high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),BMA impact sensitivity,infrared absorption spectrometer and universal material testing machine were used to test the morphology and structure of modified particles,and also the particle size,coating content,sensitivity,thermal decom-position and the mechanical performance of prepared PBX.Results show that DA forms a good polydopamine(PDA)coating layer on the surface of energetic crystals,and different surface coating morphologies can be obtained by adjusting the polymerization time.At the same time,PDA can also improve the interface properties of explosives crystals,which is beneficial to the uniformity of the binder’s distribution.PDA coating inhibits the crystal transformation and increases the activation energy of CL-20,resulting in improved thermal stabilities.The mechanical properties tests showed that the Brazilian strength and compression strength of CL-20 based PBX had been improved by 34.27% and 10.21%,respectively,and the Brazilian strength and compression strength of FOX-7 based PBX had also been improved by 40.44% and 11.92%,respectively.After coating with PDA,the strain of the samples had all increased.In addition,the creep strains of the two explosives were obviously suppressed,leading to enhance creep resistance.

关 键 词：聚多巴胺 六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(CL-20) 1 1-二氨基-2 2-二硝基乙烯(FOX-7) 高聚物黏结炸药(PBX) 热分解 力学性能 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术]