澳门内港水域低氧区空间分布及形成机制研究  

Spatial characteristics and formation mechanisms of hypoxia zone in Macao Inner Harbor

作　　者：杨芳 蒋然 杨莉玲 刘丙军[3] YANG Fang;JIANG Ran;YANG Liling;LIU Bingjun(Pearl River Hydraulic Research Institute,Pearl River Water Resource Commission,Guangzhou 510611,China;Key Laboratory of the Pearl River Estuary Improvement and Protection(Ministry of Water Resources),Guangzhou 510611,China;Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China)

机构地区：[1]珠江水利委员会珠江水利科学研究院,广东广州510611 [2]水利部珠江河口治理与保护重点实验室(珠江水利委员会珠江水利科学研究院),广东广州510611 [3]中山大学地理科学与规划学院,广东广州510275

出　　处：《热带海洋学报》2021年第6期52-62,共11页Journal of Tropical Oceanography

基　　金：国家科技基础资源调查专项(2019FY101900);国家自然科学基金项目(51409587);广东省自然科学基金项目(2017A030313329)。

摘　　要：澳门内港及附近水域(包括内港、筷子基北湾和南湾)历来是澳门海域富营养化最严重的区域,水质恶化常引发大规模鱼类死亡。本文利用近10年的澳门水质监测统计数据,采用三维水动力—水质模型模拟了澳门内港溶解氧的分布特征和水文动力过程。研究结果表明,内港区低氧现象为澳门海域潮、径流物理及生化过程综合作用的结果。内港没有明显的外海往复流和水体层化现象,其整体的弱动力和筷子基水域的半封闭造成污染物滞留作用,是形成低氧区的关键物理机制。筷子基水体自身生化耗氧是导致内港低氧的驱动要素,底泥耗氧进一步加剧了内港的低氧程度。Over the years,the Macao Inner Harbor has been the most serious eutrophication area in Macao.The deterioration of water quality in the inner harbor and its adjacent waters has killed a large number of fish.Based on the statistical data of water quality monitoring in Macao in recent years,we set up the scenarios of sediment release and sewage outlet discharge,and use three-dimensional numerical simulation model to simulate the dissolved oxygen distribution characteristics and hydrodynamic processes in the region.Our research results show that the hypoxia in the inner harbor is the result of physical and biochemical oxygen consumption in the Macao sea area.There are no obvious ocean reciprocating current and water stratification in the inner harbor.The key physical mechanism of hypoxia zone formation involves the weak hydrodynamic flow in the inner harbor and the semi-enclosed water area of Fai Chi Kei,which results in pollutant retention.The biochemical oxygen consumption in the Fai Chi Kei area leads to the inner harbor hypoxia directly.The oxygen consumption of the bottom sediment further accelerates the hypoxia.

关 键 词：澳门内港 低氧区 生化耗氧 弱动力 形成机制 

分 类 号：U698.7[交通运输工程—港口、海岸及近海工程] X55[交通运输工程—船舶与海洋工程]