翻压绿肥对土壤水分及氮淋失量的影响  

Effects of Green Manure on Soil Moisture and Nitrogen Leaching Losses

作　　者：姚单君 张钦 张爱华 冉斌 牛雅琼 况胜剑 王文华[1] 朱青[1] YAO Danjun;ZHANG Qin;ZHANG Aihua;RAN Bin;NIU Yaqiong;KUANG Shengjian;WANG Wenhua;ZHU Qing(Guizhou Institute of Soil and Fertilizer,GAAS/Guizhou Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,GAAS/Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation and Agriculture Environment(Guizhou),Ministry of Agriculture,Guiyang,Guizhou 550006;Guizhou University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所/农业资源与环境研究所/农业部贵州耕地保育与农业环境科学观测试验站,贵州贵阳550006 [2]贵州大学,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2021年第10期28-32,共5页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家绿肥产业技术体系贵阳综合实验站[CARS-22];贵州省农业科学院青年基金项目“不同品种绿肥对贵州黄壤氮磷淋失的影响研究”[黔农科院青年基金(2018)-58],“黔中黄壤猕猴桃园种植绿肥对土壤环境的响应机理研究”[黔农科院青年基金(2018)-95]。

摘　　要：【目的】探明翻压绿肥对土壤水分及氮淋失量的影响,为绿肥的生产应用及现代山地特色高效农业发展提供技术支撑。【方法】选择光叶紫花苕子、黑麦草和肥田萝卜为试验材料,采用盆栽试验方法,研究空闲、光叶紫花苕子、肥田萝卜、黑麦草、光叶紫花苕子+肥田萝卜、光叶紫花苕子+黑麦草、肥田萝卜+黑麦草和光叶紫花苕子+肥田萝卜+黑麦草不同处理土壤淋失水量和氮淋失量的差异。【结果】不同浇水量各翻压绿肥处理均可有效减少土壤淋失水量,其中,翻压光苕+黑麦处理土壤淋失水量在浇水量为1000 mL、1500 mL和2000 mL时降幅均最大,分别为95.4%、81.77%和55.67%;随着浇水量的增加,各翻压绿肥处理土壤总氮淋失量与空闲处理间的差距逐渐减小,除翻压肥田萝卜外,其余翻压绿肥处理均可不同程度地防止土壤中氮的淋失,以翻压光苕+肥萝+黑麦、翻压光苕+黑麦和翻压黑麦草的效果较好。【结论】翻压绿肥可有效提高土壤水分的蓄积能力,降低土壤总氮淋失量,以翻压光叶苕子+黑麦草和翻压光叶苕子+黑麦草+肥田萝卜的效果最佳。【Objective】The effects of green manure on soil moisture and nitrogen leaching losses are clarified to provide the technological support for the production and application of green manure and the development of modern efficient agriculture with mountainous characteristics.【Method】Vicia villosa,Lolium perenne and Raphanus sativus are selected as test materials.The differences in water leaching losses and nitrogen leaching losses of soil treated with idle,V.villosa,R.sativus,L.perenne,V.villosa+R.sativus,V.villosa+L.perenne,R.sativus+L.perenne and V.villosa+R.sativus+L.perenne are studied by the pot experiment.【Result】All green manure treatments can reduce water leaching losses in soil effectively under different irrigation amounts.Under the treatment of V.villosa+L.perenne,when the irrigation amount are 1000 mL,1500 mL and 2000 mL,water leaching losses in soil decrease the most,respectively 95.4%,81.77%and 55.67%.With increase of the irrigation amount,the differences in total nitrogen leaching losses of soil between various green manure treatments and idle treatment are decreased gradually.Except R.sativus treatment,other green manure treatments can prevent soil nitrogen leaching losses to varying degrees,and V.villosa+R.sativus+L.perenne,V.villosa+L.perenne and L.perenne treatments have better effect.【Conclusion】Green manure can improve the accumulation of soil moisture effectively,reduce soil total nitrogen leaching losses,and the effect of V.villosa+L.perenne and V.villosa+L.perenne+R.sativus are the best.

关 键 词：绿肥 土壤水分 土壤淋失水量 土壤氮淋失量 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]