土壤调理剂对烟田土壤真菌群落及土壤属性的影响  

Effects of Soil Conditioner on Fungi Community and Property of Tobacco Soil

作　　者：王国谋 拓阳阳 李红丽[2] 陈玉蓝 王岩[2] WANG Guomou;TUO Yangyang;LI Hongli;CHEN Yulan;WANG Yan(Dechang Branch Company,Sichuan Tobacco Company,Dechang,Sichuan 615500;College of Ecology and Environment,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou,Henan 450001;Liangshan Company,Sichuan Tobacco Company,Xichang,Sichuan 615100,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省烟草公司凉山州公司德昌分公司,四川德昌615500 [2]郑州大学生态与环境学院,河南郑州450001 [3]四川省烟草公司凉山州公司,四川西昌615100

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2021年第10期52-61,共10页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：四川省烟草公司凉山州公司科技项目“凉山州烟田健康土壤微生物特征、绿色调控技术及其推广”(LSYC201803)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明增施高碳基和高钙高镁2种土壤调理剂对土壤真菌群落结构和环境因素的影响,为烟田酸性土壤改良及烟草生产中土壤调理剂的科学施用提供依据。【方法】采用大田试验,设置常规施肥(T_(1))、常规施肥+高碳基土壤调理剂(T_(2))和常规施肥+高钙高镁型土壤调理剂(T_(3))3个处理,利用高通量基因测序分析烟田土壤微生物群落组成、多样性及其与土壤养分的相关性。【结果】相比于T_(1),T_(2)和T_(3)土壤pH、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量提高,与此正相关的有益菌曲霉属(Aspergillus)、毛壳菌属(Chaetomium)、散囊菌目未分类菌属(unclassified_o_Eurotiales)和曲霉科未分类菌属(Unclassified_f_Aspergillaceae)的相对丰度增大,且T_(2)可抑制有害病原菌的生长;烟田土壤有益真菌群落与土壤有机质、有效磷和速效钾呈极显著正相关。施用土壤调理剂的烤烟产量较对照分别增加17.73%和22.10%,产值分别增加26.20%和41.69%。【结论】施用高碳基和高钙高镁土壤调理剂均可以改善土壤真菌群落结构和养分,进而改善土壤和微环境。【Objective】The effects of two soil conditioners(high carbon and high-calcium with high-magnesium)on soil fungi community structure and environmental factors are studied to provide the scientific basis for improvement of tobacco acid soil and rational application of soil conditioners in tobacco production.【Method】The soil microbial community composition and diversity,and their correlations with soil nutrients of T 1(Conventional fertilization),T 2(Conventional fertilization+high carbon soil conditioner)and T 3(Conventional fertilization+high calcium with high magnesium soil conditioner)are analysed by the high throughout genome sequencing method.【Result】The pH,organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus and rapidly available potassium of T 2 and T 3 are higher than T 1.Applying soil conditioner can increase the relative abundance of Aspergillus,Chaetomium,unclassified_o_Eurotiales and Unclassified_f_Aspergillaceae.Applying high carbon soil conditioner can inhibit growth of harmful pathogens.Soil beneficial fungi community is positively related to soil organic matter,available phosphorus and rapidly available potassium very significantly.The yield and output value of T 2 and T 3 are 17.73%and 22.10%,and 26.20%and 41.69%higher than T 1 separately.【Conclusion】Applying high carbon and high-calcium with high-magnesium soil conditioners both can improve fungi community structure and nutrients of tobacco soil,which results in improvement of soil and soil microenvironment.

关 键 词：土壤调理剂 真菌群落结构 土壤养分 多样性 

分 类 号：S572.061[农业科学—烟草工业]