废有机-无机复合材料热解回收技术现状与展望  

Status and Progress of Recycling Waste Organic-inorganic Composites by Pyrolysis

作　　者：胡辰玮 李彬[1] 吴玉锋[1] 杨名 张书豪[1] 潘德安 HU Chenwei;LI Bin;WU Yufeng;YANG Ming;ZHANG Shuhao;PAN Dean(Institute of Circular Economy,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China)

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学循环经济研究院,北京100124

出　　处：《材料导报》2021年第21期21091-21098,21112,共9页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFC1902504)。

摘　　要：有机-无机复合材料是一种将高分子材料与其他无机物质通过特定方式结合而成的具有一定特性的功能材料,已广泛应用于工业、建筑、电子、交通等领域。然而,由于材料自身寿命和性能的衰减等因素,有机-无机复合材料将面临因性能衰弱而导致的大量周期性报废问题。传统的处理技术如堆积、填埋、机械分离、湿法冶金和焚化发电不仅会对环境造成较大的影响,而且无法充分利用复合材料自身的剩余价值。因此,如何实现有机-无机复合材料的高效、环保、高值化回收再利用成为了当前研究热点问题之一。热解法较现有常规技术在废有机-无机复合材料回收上兼具环保与经济性,近年来受到持续关注。本文以我国产生量大、处理难度高、资源化潜力好的废漆包线、废线路板、废旧轮胎和废风机叶片四种典型有机-无机复合材料为主要对象,梳理总结了国内外热解回收技术最新研究成果,提出当前研究中亟待解决的主要问题并对未来将要进行的工作进行了展望,以期为该领域的进一步研究提供参考。Organic-inorganic composite material is a kind of functional material with certain characteristics that combines polymer materials and other inorganic substances in a specific way.It has been widely used in industry,construction,electronics,transportation and other fields.However,organic-inorganic composite materials will face periodic scrapping problems due to their own material life and performance degradation.Traditional processing technologies such as accumulation,landfill,mechanical separation,hydrometallurgy and incineration power generation not only have a negative impact on the environment,but also cannot make full use of the residual value of the composite material.Therefore,how to realize the environmental protection and high-value recycling of organic-inorganic composite materials has become one of the current research hotspots.Compared with the existing conventional technology,the pyrolysis is both environmentally friendly and economical in the recycling of waste organic-inorganic composite materials and has received continuous attention in recent years.This article focuses on four types of typical organic-inorganic composite materials,respectively are waste enameled wires,waste circuit boards,waste tires and waste fan blades,which have a large amount of waste,high difficulty in being recycled and potential of resource utilization.This article also summarizes the latest research results of pyrolysis recovery technology,and then puts forward the main problems that need to be solved urgently in the current studies.In the end,this article looks forward to the future work and hopes to provide references for further research in this field.

关 键 词：复合材料 热解 漆包线 线路板 轮胎 风机叶片 

分 类 号：TB333[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]