微弧氧化技术在铝合金腐蚀防护中的应用研究与发展  

Application Research and Development of Micro-arc Oxidation Technology inCorrosion Protection of Aluminum Alloy Equipment

作　　者：赵华星 孙晓峰 宋巍 李占明 李德民 ZHAO Huaxing;SUN Xiaofeng;SONG Wei;LI Zhanming;LI Demin(Department of Equipment Support and Remanufacturing,Academy of Army Armored Force,Beijing 100072,China)

机构地区：[1]陆军装甲兵学院装备保障与再制造系,北京100072

出　　处：《材料导报》2021年第21期21236-21242,共7页Materials Reports

摘　　要：随着轻型合金技术的发展,铝合金被广泛应用于船舶舰艇、装甲装备等领域,但随之带来的腐蚀问题不容小觑。资料显示,我国铝合金舰船的维修费用有近一半用于修复海水腐蚀损坏。铝合金微弧氧化是一种表面处理技术,兴起于上个世纪下半叶,通过在铝合金表面生成陶瓷层,能起到较好的防腐效果,同时对工件结构包容性大,在处理复杂零部件时有特殊优势。铝合金经微弧氧化处理,能在表面原位生成以α-Al_(2)O_(3)和γ-Al_(2)O_(3)为主要成分的陶瓷层,具有较高的硬度、耐腐蚀性和耐磨性;但由于微弧氧化发生时,会产生瞬时高温高压,击穿原有自然氧化膜,在表面形成放电通道,因此微弧氧化膜层有大量孔洞。为提高微弧氧化膜层综合性能,更好地发挥腐蚀防护作用,学者们对微弧氧化过程以及膜层质量进行了大量研究。影响其质量的因素大致可概括为四个方面:电解液、电参数、氧化时间和添加剂。一般来说,电解液和添加剂对铝合金微弧氧化膜层成分有直接影响,合理使用添加剂对改善膜层表面孔隙率有积极意义,尤其是纳米颗粒添加剂,发挥第二相弥散强化作用,能有效提高膜层强度和硬度;而电参数和氧化时间对成膜效率、膜层厚度以及相结构都有影响,各种因素相互关联制约,共同影响微弧氧化陶瓷层的耐腐蚀效果和综合性能。以美国为代表的发达国家从上世纪七十年代起就开始在工业中使用铝合金微弧氧化技术,俄罗斯对微弧氧化的理论研究比较深入,处于国际领先地位。但是微弧氧化过程瞬间完成,同时涉及到化学、电化学、等离子体等反应,机理十分复杂,至今仍没有统一的模型能够完美解释整个过程。我国对铝合金微弧氧化技术的研究始于上世纪九十年代,在理论积累以及工程应用领域均取得了一定成果,尤其是在一些小型铝合金工件的微弧氧化技�To meet the development of light alloy technology,more and more aluminum alloy materials have been used on the ships and armored equipments.However,the corrosion problem is very serious.Data shows that nearly half of the maintenance cost of aluminum ships is used to repair corrosion damage in our country.The micro-arc oxidation(MAO)of aluminum alloy is a surface treatment technology which originated in the late last century.By generating ceramic layer on the surface,aluminum alloy gets a better anti-corrosion effect.This technology has special advantages when dealing with complex parts and components.The MAO coatings composed mainly ofα-Al_(2)O_(3)andγ-Al_(2)O_(3)on the surface of aluminum alloy,which has high hardness,corrosion resistance and wear resistance.But due to the effect of high pressure breakdown,the aluminum alloy surface formed many discharge channel,causing a large number of holes in the film.In order to improve its corrosion protection effect,scholars have done a lot of research.The factors affecting corrosion resistance can be summarized into four aspects:electrolyte,electrical parameters,oxidation time and additives.Generally speaking,electrolytes and additives have a direct effect on the composition of MAO coatings.Appropriate additives can improve the porosity of film,especially the nanoparticles additives can improve the hardness and strength through the second phase dispersion strengthening mechanism.In addition,the electrical parameters and oxidation time have influences on the film forming efficiency,film thickness and phase structure.The corrosion resis-tance and comprehensive properties of MAO coatings are influenced by the interaction of all the factors.Developed countries represented by the United States have begun to use aluminum alloy micro-arc oxidation technology in industry since the 1970s.Russia's theoretical research is relatively in-depth and is in a leading position in the world.However,micro-arc oxidation is completed instantly and involves chemistry,electrochemistry,plasma

关 键 词：微弧氧化 铝合金 防腐 

分 类 号：TG174[金属学及工艺—金属表面处理]