推进水资源融合管理 保障高水平保护与高质量发展  

Promoting Integrated Management of Water Resources to Ensure High-level Protection and High-quality Development

作　　者：张丛林 乔海娟 马永欢[4] 吴初国 王银堂 黄宝荣[1] 郭丰源 ZHANG Conglin;QIAO Haijuan;MA Yonghuan;WU Chuguo;WANG Yintang;HUANG Baorong;GUO Fengyuan(Institutes of Science and Development,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering,Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,Nanjing 210029,China;National Research Institute for Rural Electrification,Ministry of Water Resources of the People’s Republic of China,Hangzhou 310012,China;Information Center,Ministry of Natural Resources of the People’s Republic of China,Beijing 100812,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院,北京100190 [2]南京水利科学研究院,水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室,南京210029 [3]水利部农村电气化研究所,杭州310012 [4]中华人民共和国自然资源部信息中心,北京100812

出　　处：《中国科学院院刊》2021年第11期1307-1315,共9页Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences

基　　金：第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究(2019QZKK0401);中国科学院战略研究与决策支持系统建设项目(GHJ-ZLZX-2019-12);国家自然科学基金(71503245)。

摘　　要：水资源管理对于一个区域乃至国家自然环境和生态系统的维持与改善、经济社会的可持续发展和长治久安至关重要。新形势下,中国水问题具有系统性、结构性与流域性特征;人民涉水需求类型更趋多元、需求层级逐渐提升,而现有水资源管理模式效能不足,治水矛盾开始转型。文章在分析中国水资源管理存在的水资源开发利用与其他生态要素保护不平衡、水资源领域生态文明政策体系不完善、流域水资源协同治理较弱、涉水生态环境风险防范能力不足等问题的基础上,认为应推行水资源融合管理,进而提出了水资源融合管理框架,并分析了水资源融合管理具有的多问题、多需求、多功能、多资源、多空间、多主体、多手段、多制度融合的特征。在此基础上,从涉水保护与发展、政策体系、流域/跨区域管理、风险防范等方面提出了加强水资源融合管理的对策建议。Water resources management is essential for a region or a country to maintain and improve the natural environment and ecosystem,promote the sustainable development of the economy and society.Under the new situation,China’s water problem has systematic,structural,and watershed characteristics.The types of people’s water-related demand are more diversified and its levels are gradually elevated.However,the existing water resources management mode is not effective enough,and the contradiction between people demand and water resources has begun to transform.China’s water resources management was analyzed.A series of issues are as follows:unbalanced relationship between the development of water resources and the protection of other ecological elements,imperfect ecological civilization policy system in the field of water resources,weak collaborative governance of watershed resources,and insufficient ability to prevent water-related ecological and environmental risks.This study believes that water resources integration management should be promoted,and a water resources integration management framework is proposed.The characteristics of water resources integration management are summarized as multi-problem,multi-demand,multi-function,multi-resource,multi-space,multi-agent,multi-method integration,and multi-system.On this basis,suggestions are put forward from the perspective of protection and development,policy system,watershed/transregional management,and risk prevention.

关 键 词：水资源 转型 融合管理 形势判断 对策建议 

分 类 号：TV213.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源]