苹果花期喷水的防霜冻效应  

Anti Frost Effect of Spraying Water During Apple Flowering Period

作　　者：张继祥[1] 聂佩显[2] 张丁有 路超[2] ZHANG Ji-xiang;NIE Pei-xian;ZHANG Ding-you;LU Chao(College of Horticulture Science and Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University,Taian 271018,China;Shandong Institute of Pomology,Taian 271000,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院,山东泰安271018 [2]山东省果树研究所,山东泰安271000

出　　处：《河北农业科学》2021年第5期42-49,共8页Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC1502805)。

摘　　要：晚霜冻是制约我国苹果产业发展的主要自然灾害之一,明确喷水时间和喷水方法对霜冻的预防效应,可以有效预防苹果霜冻的发生。在苹果开花期,选择发生霜冻概率较高的天气类型,以不喷水处理为对照(CK),研究了用黑色高压喷灌带在夜间不同时段(00:00~02:00、00:00~04:00、00:00~06:00)喷水和用烟雾机在日出前(05:00~06:00)喷水雾对距地面不同高度树冠温度的影响。结果表明:夜间不同时段高压喷水和日出前烟雾机喷水雾均对树冠温度具有一定的调节效应,但连续喷水方法的效果优于烟雾机喷水雾,其中00:00~06:00连续6 h喷水处理效果最好。该处理下,距离地面高0.5、1.5和3.0 m处的树冠层温度在日出前分别较CK高1.94、3.42和2.36℃,其中最低温度分别较CK提高了2.36、4.73和3.86℃,持续影响时长分别为67、79和65 h。在生产中,可采用00:00~6:00连续喷水的方法进行霜冻预防。Late frost is one of the main natural disasters restricting the development of China’s apple industry.Clarifying the preventive effect of water spraying time and method on frost can effectively prevent the occurrence of apple frost.During the flowering period of apple,the weather type with high probability of frost were selected.Taking no spraying water as the control(CK),the effects of spraying water with black high-pressure sprinkler belt in different periods at night(00:00-02:00,00:00-04:00,and 00:00-06:00)and with smoke machine before sunrise(05:00-06:00)on canopy temperature at different heights above the ground were studied.The results showed that the high-pressure water spraying in different periods at night and the water mist spraying by the smoke machine before sunrise had certain regulating effect on the canopy temperature.The effect of continuous water spraying method was better than that of the mist spraying by smoke machine,and the effect of continuous water spraying for 6 hours from 00:00 to 6:00 was the best.Among them,the canopy temperatures at 0.5,1.5 and 3.0 m above the ground were 1.94,3.42 and 2.36℃ higher than CK before sunrise,respectively.The minimum temperatures were 2.36,4.73 and 3.86℃ higher than CK,and the duration of continuous influence was 67,79 and 65 h,respectively.In production,the method of continuous spraying water from 00:00 to 06:00 can be used for frost prevention.

关 键 词：苹果 花期 喷水 霜冻预防 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]