论秦代的商业法令与基层商业秩序  

Study on the Effection Between Commercial Law and the Basic Commercial Order in Qin Dynasty

作　　者：白宏刚 BAI Hong-gang(School of History,Northwest University,Xi’an 710069,China;Center of He-Tao-Min Local Culture Research,Gansu Normal University for Nationalities,Hezuo 747000,China)

机构地区：[1]西北大学历史学院,陕西西安710069 [2]甘肃民族师范学院河洮岷文化研究中心,甘肃合作747000

出　　处：《西安财经大学学报》2021年第6期101-107,共7页Journal of Xi’an University of Finance and Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“战国秦至汉初关外郡研究”(16BZS037)。

摘　　要：秦代的商业法令对基层商业秩序有很强的形塑作用。一方面表现在对基础市场和大型、远程贸易的秩序的规范,对官方买卖活动的规约;另一方面突出对非法贸易、商业欺诈行为以及司法、行政影响下的非对等商业关系的打击。通过新刊布的商业相关文书的探讨,可对商业法令中强调的“平价”“行钱”制度的实施有更丰富、多样的认识。如秦代已经采用按月平价制度,其执行机构层次为县而不是郡。商人在秦末曾利用货币流通制度中的漏洞敛财,政府试图通过强力手段予以打压,以致在开边过程中要谪迁大量违法商人戍边,即当与此有关。这些都为我们理解秦汉之际社会历史发展轨迹背后的动因提供了一定的新知。The commercial laws of Qin Dynasty had a strong shaping effect on the grassroots commercial order.On the one hand,it standardizes the basic market and the order of large-scale and long-distance trade,and regulates official business activities;On the other hand,it strikes against illegal trade,commercial fraud and non reciprocal commercial relations under the influence of justice and administration.Through the discussion of the newly published individual commercial related documents,we can have a richer and diversified understanding of the implementation of the“Pingjia”and“Commom currency”systems emphasized in the commercial decrees.For example,the monthly parity system was adopted in the Qin Dynasty,and its executive agency level was County rather than county.In the late Qin Dynasty,the merchants used the loopholes in the currency circulation system to make money.The government tried to suppress it by strong means,so that a large number of Businessman were banished to defend the border in the process of opening the border.All of these provide some new knowledge for us to understand the motivation behind the social and historical development of Qin and Han Dynasties.

关 键 词：秦代 商业法令 市场管理 月平 货币环境 商业秩序 

分 类 号：K233[历史地理—历史学]