食源性兴奋剂违规案件中无重大过错与无过错认定标准的区别  

The Difference Between the Identification Standards for No Significant Fault and No Fault in Foodborne Doping Cases

作　　者：郭树理[1] 王迪 GUO Shu-li;WANG Di(Kenneth Wang School of Law,Soochow University,Suzhou 215006,Jiangsu China)

机构地区：[1]苏州大学王健法学院,江苏苏州215006

出　　处：《北京体育大学学报》2021年第10期59-70,共12页Journal of Beijing Sport University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“中国体育仲裁制度的生成困境与路径选择研究”(项目编号:20CTY010)。

摘　　要：在食源性兴奋剂违规案件中,运动员因摄食相关食品或药品导致阳性检测结果时,都会主张无重大过错或无过错从而争取减少甚至免除禁赛处罚。国际体育仲裁院(CAS)仲裁庭对于无重大过错或无过错的不同认定,会对运动员的处罚造成重大影响。然而CAS仲裁庭对于无重大过错与无过错认定的标准却并不明确。早期CAS仲裁庭曾在西利科(Cilic)案中对无重大过错与无过错的认定以及量刑提出了客观标准与主观标准2项实体性标准要求,这2项标准应当得到肯定和坚持。客观标准包括考察当事人尽到注意义务的程度与满足合理期待的程度,主观标准是指根据当事人自身条件及能力考察能够阻却过错成立的程度。此外,CAS仲裁庭用于支持运动员主张时所采用的程序性要素标准——优势证明标准,也发挥着相应的作用。这3项标准的适用对CAS仲裁庭以及运动员提出了新的要求。In foodborne doping cases,when athletes have adverse analytical findings due to ingestion of related foods or drugs,they often try to establish that they bear no significant fault or no fault in order to reduce or remit the period of ineligibility. The identification of no significant fault or no fault by the Court of Arbitration for Sport(CAS)panels exerts great influence on the punishment for athletes. However,the CAS panels do not have any clear standards for the identification of no significant fault or no fault. Early in the Cilic case,the CAS panels put forward two substantive requirements,namely,objective standards and subjective standards,which should be acknowledged and upheld. The objective standards refer to the degree to which athletes have fulfilled their duty of care and the degree to which they satisfy reasonable expectations,while the subjective standards refer to the degree to which the fault can be prevented according to athletes. own conditions and abilities. In addition,the balance of probability of procedural elements adopted by the CAS panels to support athletes. claims also plays a corresponding role. The application of these three standards imposes new requirements on the CAS panels and athletes.

关 键 词：食源性兴奋剂 无重大过错 无过错 客观标准 主观标准 优势证明标准 

分 类 号：G80-051[文化科学—运动人体科学]