葡萄种质资源抗霜霉病鉴定研究  

Identification on the resistance to downy mildew of grapevine germplasms Vitis species

作　　者：李东奎 许一博 王跃进[1] LI Dongkui;XU Yibo;WANG Yuejin(College of Horticulture,Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Germplasm Resource Utilization in Northwest China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院/旱区作物逆境生物学国家重点实验室/农业农村部西北地区园艺作物生物与种质创制重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《中外葡萄与葡萄酒》2021年第6期13-20,共8页Sino-Overseas Grapevine & Wine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31872055)。

摘　　要：葡萄霜霉病是严重危害葡萄的世界性病害,抗霜霉病育种是解决欧洲葡萄抗病性差的有效途径。中国蕴藏着丰富的野生葡萄种质资源,鉴定这些资源的抗病性是抗病育种的前提。本文采用田间自然鉴定法,对中国野生葡萄10个种29个株系以及17个欧洲葡萄品种、9个欧美杂交品种共55份材料进行抗霜霉病鉴定,研究不同种质资源的抗病性;进一步在人工接种霜霉菌后,对抗病毛葡萄株系丹凤-2及感病品种‘白玉霓’‘黑比诺’‘法国蓝’进行霜霉菌的侵染过程观察,比较抗病与感病材料中菌丝生长差异;在人工接种霜霉菌条件下,对中国野生葡萄抗病株系丹凤-2、塘尾和感病品种‘黑比诺’‘白玉霓’的抗病相关基因表达量进行分析。结果表明:中国野生葡萄、欧洲葡萄、美洲葡萄对霜霉病表现出抗病性差异,其中中国野生葡萄商南-1、湖南-1、商南-2、南郑-1、白水-40、渭南-3、安林-2、安林-3以及欧美杂种‘瑞比尔’‘高妻’与砧木材料‘SO4’对霜霉病有较高的抗性,这些材料具有强的抗霜霉菌入侵能力,以及抗病相关基因的上调表达。因此,本研究中中国野生葡萄中对霜霉病表现抗病的株系是今后抗病育种可以利用的亲本材料。Downy mildew is a world disease of serious harm to Vitis vinifera,and grape anti-downy mildew breeding is an effective way to solve the poor disease resistance of European varieties.Wild grape germplasms is rich in China.Identification of disease resistance of these germplasms is the premise of disease resistance and breeding.Using the method of field natural identification for 55 grapevine germplasms,including 29 strains of 10 species of Chinese wild grapes,17 European varieties and 9 Euro-America hybrids were identified.The resistance differences of different germplasm were compared;Using methods of artificial vaccination to observe the invasion process of Plasmopara viticola,the differences of Plasmopara viticola invasion in disease-resistant strain Danfeng-2,Tangwei and susceptible variety'Pinot Noir''Ugni Blanc'were compared;After Plasmopara viticola inoculation,the expression of disease-resistant genes were analyzed in disease-resistant strain and susceptible variety under artificial inoculation with Plasmopara viticola.The results showed that Chinese wild grapes,Vitis vinifera and Vitis labrusca had different disease resistance to Plasmopara viticola,China wild grape Shangnan-1,Hunan-1,Shangnan-2,Nanzheng-1,Baishui-40,Weinan-3,Anlin-2,Anlin-3 and Euro-America hybrids'Ribier''SO4'and'Takatsuma'have high resistance to Plasmopara viticola.and high resistance to downy mildew.Disease-resistant materials have strong resistance to Plasmopara viticola invasion,and up-regulated expression of diseaseresistance-related genes.Therefore,the Chinese wild grapevines Shangnan-1,Hunan-1,Shangnan-2,Nanzheng-1,Baishui-40,Weinan-3,Anlin-2,Anlin-3 have strong resistance to downy mildew,It is the parent material that can be used for disease-resistant breeding in the future.

关 键 词：葡萄 田间自然抗病性鉴定 霜霉病 人工接种 葡萄种植资源评价 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学] S436.631.1[农业科学—园艺学]