冠状病毒的基因组结构及特征  

Genomic Structure and Characteristics of Coronavirus

作　　者：李静梅 陈心足 Li Jingmei;Chen Xinzu(Yuechi County People's Hospital,Yuechi,638373;Yibin Second People's Hospital,Yibin,644002)

机构地区：[1]岳池县人民医院,岳池638373 [2]宜宾市第二人民医院,宜宾644002

出　　处：《基因组学与应用生物学》2021年第4期1915-1920,共6页Genomics and Applied Biology

基　　金：宜宾市第二人民医院资助。

摘　　要：冠状病毒(Coronavirus)是具有包膜的正单链RNA病毒,基因组大小介于26 000与32 000 nt之间,编码刺突蛋白(S)、包膜蛋白(E)、膜蛋白(M)和核壳蛋白(N)等四种结构蛋白、复制酶(ORF1a/b)与若干辅助蛋白,部分病毒还具有血细胞凝集素酯酶(HE),这些蛋白除维持病毒结构,还有促进感染与抵抗宿主免疫反应等功能,其中刺突蛋白可与宿主细胞表面的受体结合,使病毒包膜和宿主细胞的膜融合以感染细胞。冠状病毒的感染会影响细胞的许多信号转导途径,引发免疫反应,是一类可感染哺乳动物与鸟类的病毒。Coronavirus is a positive single stranded RNA virus with envelope. The genome size of coronavirus is between 26 000 and 32 000 nt. It encodes spike protein(S), also known as four structural proteins such as spike protein, envelope protein(E), membrane protein(M) and core-shell protein(N), replicase(ORF1 a/b) and several auxiliary proteins. Some viruses also have hemagglutinin esterase(HE). In addition to maintaining the virus structure, it also has the functions of promoting infection and resisting host immune response. Spike protein can bind to the receptor on the surface of host cells to fuse the virus envelope with the membrane of host cells to infect cells.Coronavirus infection can affect many signal transduction pathways of cells and trigger immune response. It is a kind of virus that can infect mammals and birds.

关 键 词：冠状病毒 正冠状病毒亚科 正单链RNA病毒 

分 类 号：R373[医药卫生—病原生物学]