佛山市高明区狂犬病暴露人群流行特征和狂犬病防治知识调查  

Investigation on epidemic characteristics and knowledge of rabies control among rabies-exposed population in Gaoming District of Foshan City

作　　者：刘俊涛 谭领章 叶振杨 黄兆斌 张啟文 LIU Jun-tao;TAN Ling-zhang;YE Zhen-yang;HUANG Zhao-bin;ZHANG Qi-wen(Department of Disease Control and Prevention,Gaoming District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Foshan Guangdong,528500,China;Department of School Health,Gaoming District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Foshan Guangdong,528500,China;Department of Planned Immunization,Gaoming District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Foshan Guangdong,528500,China;Department of AIDS Prevention and Control,Gaoming District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Foshan Guangdong,528500,China)

机构地区：[1]佛山市高明区疾病预防控制中心疾病预防控制股,广东佛山528500 [2]佛山市高明区疾病预防控制中心学校卫生股,广东佛山528500 [3]佛山市高明区疾病预防控制中心计划免疫股,广东佛山528500 [4]佛山市高明区疾病预防控制中心艾滋病防控股,广东佛山528500

出　　处：《职业与健康》2021年第20期2851-2854,共4页Occupation and Health

基　　金：佛山市卫生健康局医学科研课题(20200407)。

摘　　要：目的分析佛山市高明区被动物咬伤就诊人群流行特征及狂犬病防治知识了解情况,为加强狂犬病防治工作提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对2020年3月—2021年2月狂犬病暴露就诊人群的一般情况、受伤情况、暴露分级及疫苗接种情况进行分析,对其中600人进行狂犬病防治知识问卷调查,并对结果进行分析。结果2020年3月—2021年2月各犬伤门诊共接诊狂犬病暴露就诊人群4388人,其中男2407人,女1981人,性别比1.22∶1;受伤地点主要集中在佛山市中心城区荷城街道,3164人,占72.11%;伤口部位主要是四肢,占66.57%;暴露分级以Ⅲ级为主,2626例,占59.85%;实际接种免疫球蛋白的人数为953例。致伤动物以犬猫为主,占88.29%。问卷调查600人(男315人,女285人);认为狂犬病是传染病的人数仅为311人,认为被注射过狂犬病疫苗的狗或猫致伤后不需要接种疫苗的为123人,认为清楚宠物管理相关规定的人数为204人。结论佛山市中心城区应进一步加强对在职人员等的狂犬病防治宣传教育,Ⅲ级暴露免疫球蛋白接种处置达不到规范要求,需提高暴露人群免疫球蛋白的接种率,同时各相关部门联合执法,加强信息共享,加大对动物的管理登记及免疫接种工作,降低致病风险。同时在宣传教育过程中,重点突出伤口处置的及时性和规范性,狂犬病疫苗无任何禁忌证等知识,提高群众防病知识水平。Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of the people who were bitten by animals in Gaoming District of Foshan City and their awareness of knowledge about rabies control and treatment,provide scientific basis for strengthening the prevention and control of rabies.Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the general conditions,injuries,exposure grades,and vaccination status of patients exposed to rabies from March 2020 to February 2021.Questionnaire survey on rabies control and treatment was carried out among 600 people,and the results were analyzed.Results From March2020 to February 2021,a total of 4388 people were treated for rabies exposure in dog injury clinics,and there were 2407 males and1981 females,with a sex ratio of 1.22:1.The injured place was mainly in Hecheng Street in the central area of Foshan City,with3164 people,accounting for 72.11%.The wounds were mainly in the extremities,accounting for 66.57%.Exposure grade was mainly grade Ⅲ(2626 cases),accounting for 59.85%,while only 953 cases were actually vaccinated with immunoglobulin.The exposure patients were injured mainly by dogs and cats,accounting for 88.29%.Among the 600 people(315 males and 285 females)in the questionnaire survey,only 311 believed that rabies was an infectious disease,123 believed that there was no need for vaccination after being injured by dogs or cats injected with rabies vaccine,and 204 believed that they were clear about the related regulations of pet management.Conclusion In the central area of Foshan City,it is necessary to further strengthen the rabies prevention and control publicity and education of on-the-job personnel,increase coverage of immunoglobulin among exposure population due to gradeⅢexposed immunoglobulin inoculation treatment can not meet the specification requirements,carry out the joint law enforcement by relevant departments,strengthen information sharing,and increase the management,registration and immunization of animals,to reduce the risk of the disease.At the same

关 键 词：狂犬病 暴露 流行特征 防治知识 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]