横断山区南段多孔菌的多样性与区系成分分析  

Species diversity and floristic composition of polypores in the southern parts of Hengduan Mountains, Southwest China

作　　者：王妍[1] 刘顺 冀星 孙一翡 宋长阁 刘冬梅[2] 崔宝凯[1] WANG Yan;LIU Shun;JI Xing;SUN Yi-Fei;SONG Chang-Ge;LIU Dong-Mei;CUI Bao-Kai(Institute of Microbiology,School of Ecology and Nature Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Institute of Ecology,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院微生物研究所,北京100083 [2]中国环境科学研究院生态研究所,北京100012

出　　处：《菌物学报》2021年第10期2599-2619,共21页Mycosystema

基　　金：生态环境部生物多样性调查评估项目(2019HJ2096001006);北京林业大学杰出青年人才培育项目(2019JQ03016)。

摘　　要：多孔菌是大型真菌的主要类群之一,具有重要的生态功能与经济价值。本文通过野外调查研究,对横断山区南段的多孔菌进行了物种多样性和区系成分分析,发现横断山区南段的多孔菌具有较高的多样性。该地区共发现多孔菌270种,隶属于担子菌门伞菌纲的8个目29个科111个属。优势科为多孔菌科Polyporaceae、锈革孔菌科Hymenochaetaceae、拟层孔菌科Fomitopsidaceae、刺孢齿耳菌科Steccherinaceae和耳壳菌科Dacryobolaceae 5个科,优势属为木层孔菌属Phellinus、栓孔菌属Trametes、嗜蓝孢孔菌属Fomitiporia、集毛菌属Coltricia、硬孔菌属Rigidoporus、蓝孔菌属Cyanosporus、多年卧孔菌属Perenniporia、褐孔菌属Fuscoporia、干皮孔菌属Skeletocutis、灵芝属Ganoderma、异担子菌属Heterobasidion、地花菌属Albatrellus、波斯特孔菌属Postia和附毛孔菌属Trichaptum 14个属。种的区系地理成分可分为8类,其中种类数量最多的是北温带成分,表明横断山区南段多孔菌具有明显的北温带区系特征。该地区多孔菌有腐生菌241种,占89.26%;寄生菌14种,占5.19%;共生菌15种,占5.55%。在寄主方面,横断山区南段多孔菌只能生长在被子植物上的有121种,只能生长在裸子植物上的有98种,能同时在被子植物和裸子植物上生长的有51种。Polypore is one of the main groups of macrofungi with important ecological functions and economic values. Species diversity, ecological habit and floristic composition of polypores in the southern parts of Hengduan Mountains were investigated. In total, 270 species of polypores were found, belonging to 8 orders, 29 families and 111 genera. The dominant families were Polyporaceae, Hymenochaetaceae, Fomitopsidaceae, Steccherinaceae and Dacryobolaceae, and dominant genera were Phellinus, Trametes, Fomitiporia, Coltricia, Rigidoporus, Cyanosporus,Perenniporia, Fuscoporia, Skeletocutis, Ganoderma, Heterobasidion, Albatrellus, Postia and Trichaptum. The floristic geographical components of the 270 species can be divided into 8 groups, among which the north temperate element is the most dominant, indicating that the polypores in the southern parts of Hengduan Mountains have typical north temperate floristic characteristics. In which 241 species were saprophytic, accounting for 89.26% of the total, 14 species parasitic, accounting for 5.19%, and 15 species symbiotic, accounting for 5.55%. 121 species of the polypores only grow on angiosperm woods, 98 species on gymnosperm woods,and 51 species on both angiosperm and gymnosperm woods.

关 键 词：大型真菌 多孔菌类 分类 地理成分 生态习性 

分 类 号：Q949.32[生物学—植物学]