玉米黑粉菌效应因子研究进展  

Advances in Ustilago maydis Effectors

作　　者：夏文强 高丽丹 张雅芬 俞晓平 叶子弘 XIA Wen-Qiang;GAO Li-Dan;ZHANG Ya-Fen;YU Xiao-Ping;YE Zi-Hong(Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection&Quarantine/College of Life Sciences,China Jiliang University,Hangzhou 310018,China)

机构地区：[1]中国计量大学生命科学学院/浙江省生物计量及检验检疫技术重点实验室,杭州310018

出　　处：《农业生物技术学报》2021年第11期2232-2247,共16页Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(U20A2043,31770828)。

摘　　要：玉米黑粉菌(Ustilago maydis)专性寄生玉米(Zea mays)及其野生祖先类蜀黍,菌丝型营严格的活体寄生。由于其易于人工培养和遗传转化等特点作为模式生物受到广泛研究。玉米黑粉菌与寄主植物建立了复杂的互作关系。其最大特点是玉米黑粉菌可以分泌数量庞大的效应因子,这些效应因子具有抑制植物防御反应、调控植物代谢、促进植物组织膨大等功能,使寄主植物更有利于玉米黑粉菌的生长与发育。由于缺少可识别的结构域,并且效应因子间存在功能冗余,效应因子的功能鉴定十分困难。得益于近期快速发展的高通量测序技术,基因表达、遗传进化等多角度联合比较分析极大促进了效应因子的相关研究。本文总结了近年来关于玉米黑粉菌效应因子的生物功能、表达调控以及翻译后修饰等方面的研究,重点讨论了效应因子在阻止细胞壁强化、抑制活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)累积与细胞程序性死亡、调控植物激素代谢以及诱导植物组织膨大等过程中的作用与机制。本文有助于更好地分析和理解活体营养型真菌侵染策略,为鉴定相关效应因子提供参考。Ustilago maydis is a well-established model system for biotrophic fungal plant pathogens.Domesticated maize and its wild progenitor teosinte(both Zea mays)are its obligated host plant.U.maydis establishes a comprehensive relationship with their host to support the infection process.Central to this strategy is to secrete an arsenal of protein effectors,which can suppress plant defense responses,modulate host metabolism,or induce plant tumors to facilitate the growth and development of the pathogen.Since the functional redundancy and the lack of recognizable domain,it was very difficult for effector identification and functional study.With the development of next-generation sequencing,comparative transcriptome and comparative genome provide an excellent chance for effector research.In this review,we discuss new insights into the biological function,transcriptional regulation,and post-translation modification of effectors.Highlight its functions in a preventing cell wall reinforcement,suppressing reactive oxygen species(ROS)accumulation and programmed cell death,regulating hormone metabolism,and inducing plant tumors.This paper is helpful to understand the infection strategy of biotrophic fungi and identify relevant effectors.

关 键 词：玉米黑粉菌 效应因子 抑制植物防御反应 植物组织膨大 基因调控 

分 类 号：S435.131[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] Q945.8[农业科学—植物保护]