大型数字平台规制的新方向:特别化、前置化、动态化——欧盟《数字市场法(草案)》解析  

New Directions to Large Digital Platform Regulation:Specialized Regulatory Structure,Ex Ante Rules and Dynamic Regulation System——A Study on EU Digital Market Act

作　　者：李世刚[1,2] 包丁裕睿 Li Shigang;Bao Dingyurui

机构地区：[1]复旦大学法学院,上海200438 [2]美国密歇根大学法学院,密歇根州安娜堡48109

出　　处：《法学杂志》2021年第9期77-96,共20页Law Science Magazine

摘　　要：大型数字平台服务提供者给市场可竞争性、消费者和商业用户的利益可能带来的负面影响越来越受到国内外的关注。传统民商法和竞争法对平台的规制存在明显不足。欧盟已启动对大型数字平台服务的特别规制,其《数字市场法(草案)》为规制作为"守门人"的平台提供了新方案:在立法模式方面,其跳出了传统竞争法框架,针对大型平台采取了特别、独立的规制路径;在规制方式方面,其构建了对平台的事前规制模式,对"守门人"设置了禁止性义务群与积极性义务群;在规制体系方面,其以比例原则为核心的动态监管体现了监管的灵活性。针对数字平台规制竞争保护取向存在争议、法律适用路径复杂、用户权益保护不足、透明度与灵活性需要增强等问题,平台规制的特别化、前置化、动态化特点具有比较法上的重要意义。Large digital platform service providers could impair the contestability of the market and harm the interests of consumers and business users,which has been the focus worldwide.In regulating platforms,both the traditional private law and the competition law have significant shortcomings.The European Union has initiated special regulations on large platforms,and the Digital Market Act provides new programmes to the regulation of the platforms as"gatekeepers".Its legislative structure abandons traditional competition law framework and adopts a special and independent platform regulatory system.It has an innovative regulatory method,which uses ex ante rules to set up prohibitive and active obligations to direct gatekeepers’activities.It has a flexible regulatory system,where the dynamic regulation mechanism focuses on the proportionality.There remain some problems in platform regulation:the competition effects of the regulation is contentious.The application of the positive law is complicated.The protection of users’interests is ignored.The transparency and flexibility of the system is insufficient.In comparative law perspective,there is a need to study the new directions of platform regulation:specialized regulatory structure,ex ante rules,and dynamic regulation system.

关 键 词：数字市场法 大型数字平台 平台经济 不正当竞争 竞争法 

分 类 号：D95[政治法律—法学] DD912.29