劳动力成本对中国加工贸易规模及转型升级的影响  

The Effects of Labor Costs on the Scale and Upgrading of China's Processing Trade

作　　者：毛其淋[1] 盛斌 MAO Qilin;SHENG Bin(Center for Transnationals'Studies,Nankai University)

机构地区：[1]南开大学跨国公司研究中心,天津300071

出　　处：《金融研究》2021年第10期59-77,共19页Journal of Financial Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“贸易开放与我国制造业产能利用率:因果效应、机制及对策研究”(72073074);国家自然科学基金项目“中国外资进入自由化、创新驱动与制造业企业转型升级研究”(71773055);南开大学亚洲研究中心项目“劳动力成本对中国加工贸易规模及转型升级的影响研究”(AS2105);霍英东教育基金会高等院校青年教师基金项目“人力资本对中国企业创新与对外贸易转型升级的影响研究”(171075);南开大学文科发展基金项目“外资政策动态调整与中国制造业产能过剩问题研究”(ZB21BZ0203);国家社会科学基金重大项目“新旧动能转换机制设计及路径选择研究”(18ZDA078)资助。

摘　　要：本文以中国《最低工资规定》的出台作为准自然实验,基于2000-2013年企业层面微观数据,采用双重差分法系统研究了劳动力成本上升对企业加工贸易规模及转型升级的影响。本文发现,劳动力成本上升虽然缩小了企业加工贸易规模,但通过倒逼机制促进了加工贸易企业转型升级。进一步的机制检验表明,劳动力成本上升促进了加工贸易企业增加固定资产投资、扩大研发创新和在职培训的投入力度、提高生产效率,进而推动了企业加工贸易升级。最后,本文还在城市层面研究了劳动力成本、资源配置与加工贸易升级的关系,结果表明,出口市场份额再配置是劳动力成本上升促进城市加工贸易升级的重要途径:一方面,劳动力成本上升促进了出口市场份额向竞争力较强的存续加工企业再配置,另一方面,劳动力成本上升加速了低竞争力加工企业退出。本文一方面丰富了评估最低工资经济效应的研究,另一方面有助于理解中国加工贸易转型升级背后的驱动因素。In 2004,China's Ministry of Labor and Social Security implemented minimum wage regulations that extended the minimum wage system to all parts of the country.This significantly has increased the labor costs of firms and gradually removed the low-cost dividends that processing trade firms have traditionally enjoyed.In recent years,the transformation and upgrading of processing trade has become a focus issue,and the report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly states that the transformation of the growth mode of foreign trade must be accelerated based on quality,the import and export structure must be adjusted,and the transformation and upgrading of processing trade must be increased.Therefore,it is theoretically and practically valuable to study the scale change,transformation,and upgrading of China's processing trade from the perspective of increases in minimum wage and labor costs.To this end,this paper performs a difference-in-differences analysis of the effects of labor cost or minimum wage increases on the scale and upgrading of processing trade based on the micro data of Chinese firms from 2000 to 2013 and by treating the promulgation of China's minimum wage regulation as a quasi-natural experiment.This leads to three main findings.First,although labor cost increases significantly reduce the scale of processing trade,they promote the transformation and upgrading of processing trade firms via a backpressure mechanism.Second,mechanism tests show that labor cost increases encourage processing firms to increase their fixed investments,increase on-the-job training and research and development expenditures,and improve production efficiency,which collectively promote the development of processing firms.Third,a study of the relationship between labor cost,resource allocation,and the upgrading of processing trade at the urban level reveals that improvements in the efficiency of export market-share allocation is a key channel via which labor cost increases stimulate increases in urban pr

关 键 词：劳动力成本 加工贸易升级 倒逼机制 双重差分法 

分 类 号：F249.24[经济管理—劳动经济]