道路对草原景观破碎化的影响研究  

Influence of roads on the fragmentation of grassland landscape

作　　者：杨星晨 雷少刚[1] 徐军 贺晓 程伟[1] YANG Xingchen;LEI Shaogang;XU Jun;HE Xiao;CHENG Wei(Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Mine Ecological Restoration,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116;College of Grassland,Resources and Environment,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010010,China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学矿山生态修复教育部工程研究中心,徐州221116 [2]内蒙古农业大学草原与资源环境学院,呼和浩特010010

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2021年第11期149-156,共8页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0501107)资助。

摘　　要：利用遥感影像得到的土地利用图是进行景观破碎化评价的基础数据源。由于影像空间分辨率以及影像解译人员的差异,在同一区域会得到不同的土地利用分类结果,进而会计算出不同的景观指数。为了提出一种科学的土地利用分类准则,针对草原上的道路景观,研究了由于人为扰动而形成的土路(宽≥2m,≤3m,路面为土壤)以及公路(宽≥15m,路面为水泥)对景观破碎化的影响。以内蒙古锡林郭勒草原为研究区,文中针对道路尝试不同的土地利用分类准则,分析不同分类准则得出的景观指数与生物多样性指数的相关性。根据相关性最高的分类准则,通过分析道路在影响生物多样性格局的过程中发挥着怎样的作用,进而分析道路是否造成了景观破碎化。结果显示,草原上的土路并没有造成景观的破碎化,而公路对草原造成了一定的破碎化。当利用遥感影像生成的土地利用分类图评价草原景观破碎化时,应将公路作为独立地物划分出来,而土路应分类为草地景观。文中研究结果可为评价草原地区的景观破碎化提供一定的分析准则。Land use maps obtained from remote sensing images are the basic data source for landscape fragmentation evaluation. Due to the differences of image spatial resolution and image interpreters, different land use classification results could be obtained in the same area, and different landscape indices could be calculated. In order to propose a scientific land use classification criterion, the impact of dirt roads(width≥2 m, ≤3 m, the surface is soil) and highways(width≥15 m, the surface is cement) on the fragmentation of grassland landscapes was studied. Taking the Xilin Gol Grassland in Inner Mongolia as the research area, this research tried different land use classification criteria, and analyzed the correlation between landscape indices calculated from different classification criteria and biodiversity indices. According to the most relevant classification criteria, the role of roads in the process of affecting the pattern of biodiversity was analyzed, and then the conclusion that whether the roads have caused landscape fragmentation was obtained. The results showed that the dirt roads on the grassland did not cause the fragmentation of the landscape, but the highways caused some fragmentation. When using the land use classification map generated by remote sensing image to evaluate the fragmentation of the grassland landscape, the highways should be divided as an independent feature, while the dirt roads does not have to be distinguished from the surrounding grassland. This article provided an analysis criterion for evaluating landscape fragmentation in the grassland area.

关 键 词：景观破碎化 土地利用分类 分类准则 生物多样性 

分 类 号：P901[天文地球—自然地理学]