清代文献关于额尔古纳河河源的不同记载及其原因  

A Research on Different Documentations about the Source of the Erguna River in Qing Dynasty

作　　者：杨丽婷 Yang Liting(Institute of Water Culture,Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power,Hangzhou,310018)

机构地区：[1]浙江水利水电学院水文化研究所,浙江杭州310018

出　　处：《中国历史地理论丛》2021年第4期19-25,39,共8页Journal of Chinese Historical Geography

基　　金：教育部人文社科研究青年基金项目“清代东北历史地理研究——基于清政府三大实测全图的考证与复原”(17YJC770038)。

摘　　要：目前学界对清代中俄界河额尔古纳河的河源没有统一且清晰的认识。通过整理清初至民国关于额尔古纳河河源的文献发现,光绪二十五年以前官方及民间一直把呼伦湖口作为额尔古纳河的源头,光绪二十五年以后开始出现以海拉尔河为正源。造成这种转变的直接原因是不同时期实地调查呼伦湖口至海拉尔河口河段流向有所改变,根本原因则是历史时期的气候变化造成的呼伦湖水位升降。The source of the Erguna River in Qing Dynasty is an unavoidable question to be answered.This article sorted out the related records in books from Qing Dynasty to the early Republican period, and then three different opinions about the source of the Ergun River were found: the Hulun Lake, the Klulun River, and the Hailar River. Until 1899, the Qing Dynasty official had always regarded the mouth of the Hulun Lake as the source of the Ergun River. And after 1899, some officials started to take the Hailar River as the source of the Ergun River. Modern hydro geographic research shows that the water level of Hulun Lake has changed with climate changes during the historical period, which in turn led to changes in the flow direction of the Hulun Lake estuary. And it’s believed that this would be the reason why the source of the Ergun River changed since the late Qing Dynasty.

关 键 词：清代文献 额尔古纳河 河源 

分 类 号：K928[历史地理—人文地理学]