职业应激对铁路工务系统职工心理健康的影响  

Effect of occupational stress on the mental health of railway workers

作　　者：胡天琪 陈志冰 刘玮 姜雨 Hu Tianqi;Chen Zhibing;Liu Wei;Jiang Yu(Department of Preventive Medicine,Key Laboratory of Environment and Health,School of Public Health,Fujian Medical University,Fuzhou 350012,China)

机构地区：[1]福建医科大学公共卫生学院预防医学系"环境与健康"省高校重点实验室,福州350012

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2021年第10期766-769,共4页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：福建省自然科学基金面上项目(2020J01640);福建医科大学启航基金(2018QH1008);2019年福建省卫生健康人才培养项目-青年项目(2019-1-59);福建医科大学科研启动基金(XRCZX 2018011)。

摘　　要：目的探讨职业应激和轮班对铁路工务系统职工心理健康的影响,为职业健康防护提供科学依据。方法于2019年4月,采用分层整群抽样法选取福州铁路局铁路工务系统职工613人作为研究对象,采用《工作内容问卷》(JCQ)、《心理健康症状自评量表》(SCL-90)、《焦虑自评量表》(SAS)和《抑郁自评量表》(SDS)对铁路工务系统职工的职业应激状况和心理健康状况进行调查,并分析铁路工务系统职工心理健康的影响因素。结果铁路工务系统职工心理健康问题、焦虑和抑郁检出率分别为40.5%(248/613)、4.4%(27/613)、9.0%(55/613)。发生职业应激者250人(40.78%);不同工龄、学历职工间SCL-90总分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),不同学历职工间SAS总分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。夜班组职工心理健康问题检出率、焦虑检出率均高于白班组职工(P<0.05),有职业应激组职工心理健康问题检出率高于无职业应激组职工(P<0.05)。logistic回归分析发现,影响铁路工务系统职工焦虑的主要危险因素是夜班作业(OR=2.38,95%CI:1.04~5.46;P<0.05)。交互作用分析结果显示,与无职业应激+白班组职工比较,夜班+职业应激组职工存在心理健康问题和焦虑的风险较高(OR=3.14、95%CI:1.84~5.38;OR=4.29,95%CI:1.36~13.54;P<0.05)。结论夜班和职业应激是铁路工务系统职工心理健康的危险因素,并且夜班和职业应激的交互作用对职工心理健康的危害最大。Objective To explore the impact of occupational stress and shift work on the mental health of railway workers and provide a scientific basis for occupational health protection.Methods In April 2019,stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 613 railway workers from Fuzhou railway as subjects.Job Content Questionnaire(JCQ),Symptom Checklist-90(SCL-90),Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS)and Self-rating Depression Scale(SDS)were used to investigate railway workers'occupational stress and mental health conditions.The influencing factors of railway workers'mental health were analyzed.Results The detection rates of mental health problems,anxiety and depression of railway workers were 40.5%(248/613),4.4%(27/613)and 9.0%(55/613),respectively.There were 250 railway workers with occupational stress(40.78%).There were statistically significant differences in the total scores of SCL-90 among different groups of working age and education background(P<0.05).And there were statistically significant differences in the SAS total scores among different groups of education background(P<0.05).The detection rates of mental health problems and anxiety in the night shift group were higher than that in the white shift group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The detection rate of mental health problems in the group with occupational stress was higher than that in the group without occupational stress,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis found that night shift work was the main risk factor affecting railway workers'anxiety(OR=2.38,95%CI:1.04-5.46,P<0.05).The results of interaction analysis showed that compared with the non-occupational stress+white shift group,the workers in the night shift+occupational stress group had the higher risk of mental health problems and anxiety(OR=3.14,95%CI:1.84-5.38;OR=4.29,95%CI:1.36-13.54;P<0.05).Conclusion Night shift and occupational stress are the risk factors for the mental health of railway workers,and the interaction betw

关 键 词：职业性应激 心理健康 铁路职工 轮班 交互作用 

分 类 号：R131[医药卫生—劳动卫生]