1958至2018年广州市尘肺病新发病例回顾性调查  

A retrospective investigation of new cases of pneumoconiosis from 1958 to 2018 in Guangzhou City

作　　者：刘慧婷 郑柏宁 郭静宜[1] 莫秋英 林秋红[1] Liu Huiting;Zheng Boning;Guo Jingyi;Mo Qiuying;Lin Qiuhong(Guangzhou Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment Center,Guangzhou 510620,China;Guangzhou Chest Hospital,Guangzhou 510095,China;Guangdong Medical University,Dongguan 523808,China)

机构地区：[1]广州市职业病防治院,510620 [2]广州市胸科医院,510095 [3]广东医科大学,东莞523808

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2021年第10期779-782,共4页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：广州市高水平临床重点专科建设项目((2019)1555号)。

摘　　要：目的描述1958至2018年广州市报告尘肺病新发病例的发病特征和存活情况,探讨尘肺病的发病趋势,为制定尘肺病防治政策和评价尘肺病防治效果提供基础数据。方法于2019年7月至2020年1月,基于尘肺病病例卡和数据库及回顾性随访中收集的数据,对1958至2018年广州市报告的全部尘肺病新发病例作描述性分析,包括发病例数的年代分布、病种类型、地区分布、行业分布和存活情况,以及诊断年龄和接尘工龄的变化趋势。结果1958至2018年广州市累计报告1194例尘肺病新发病例,其中男性1147例(96.1%),女性47例(3.9%)。尘肺病病种以矽肺(60.1%,718/1194)和电焊工尘肺(21.5%,257/1194)为主。累计报告例数位列前三的地区是黄埔区(29.0%,346/1194)、南沙区(12.6%,151/1194)和白云区(11.1%,132/1194)。累计报告例数位列前三的行业大类是土木工程建筑业(25.0%,298/1194)、铁路船舶航空航天和其他运输设备制造业(16.1%,192/1194)以及非金属矿采选业(15.7%,187/1194)。尘肺病新发病例诊断年龄为47.8(23.6~79.1)岁,接尘工龄为12.3(0.4~49.1)年。诊断年龄和接尘工龄均呈先升后降的趋势。截至2019年12月31日,共随访到963例尘肺病新发病例,其中存活467例(48.5%),以矽肺(41.3%,193/467)和电焊工尘肺(43.3%,203/467)为主;死亡496例(51.5%,),死亡年龄为69.9(32.4~96.9)岁。结论应根据广州市尘肺病的发病特征,加强重点行业和地区的尘肺病防治工作;职业病诊断机构应采集尘肺病新发病例尽可能完整的粉尘接触史;卫生行政部门应加强对尘肺病死亡病例报告的管理。Objective To describe the characteristics and the survival status of pneumoconiosis cases reported in Guangzhou City from 1958 to 2018,and to investigate the epidemiological trends of pneumoconiosis.This study is aiming to provide basic data for formulating the guidelines and policies for control of pneumoconiosis,and for evaluating the control effects of pneumoconiosis.Methods From July 2019 to January 2020,based on the data collected in the pneumoconiosis case cards and database as well as the retrospective follow-up investigate of pneumoconiosis cases,we conducted a descriptive analysis for all the new cases of pneumoconiosis reported from 1958 to 2018 in Guangzhou City.The statistical indices included the number of new pneumoconiosis cases in each decade,types of pneumoconiosis,regional and industrial distributions,survival status,and the change tendency of the diagnosis age and the dust exposure time of pneumoconiosis cases.Results From 1958 to 2018,a total of 1194 new cases of pneumoconiosis were reported in Guangzhou City,including 1147 males(96.1%)and 47 females(3.9%).Silicosis(60.1%,718/1194)and welder's pneumoconiosis(21.5%,257/1194)were the main types of pneumoconiosis.The top three districts for reporting new cases were Huangpu District(29.0%,346/1194),Nansha District(12.6%,151/1194)and Baiyun District(11.1%,132/1194),respectively.The top three industries for reporting new cases were civil engineering construction industry(25.0%,298/1194),railway ship aerospace and other transportation equipment manufacturing industry(16.1%,192/1194)and non-metal mining industry(15.7%,187/1194).The diagnosis age for new cases was 47.8(23.6-79.1)years old,and the dust exposure time was 12.3(0.4-49.1)years.Both of these two statistical indicators rose first and fell later from 1958 to 2018.As of December 31,2019,a total of 963 new cases of pneumoconiosis were followed up,of which 467(48.5%)survived,mainly silicosis(41.3%,193/467)and welder's pneumoconiosis(43.3%,203/467).496 cases(51.5%)died,and the age of death was 69.

关 键 词：尘肺病 流行病学 矽肺 电焊工尘肺 

分 类 号：R135.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]