重大突发公共卫生事件下国际商事合同不可抗力的认定及对策  

Identification and Countermeasures of Force Majeure in International Commercial Contracts Under Public Health Emergencies

作　　者：郑田谊 孟国碧[1] ZHENG Tian-yi;MENG Guo-bi(Guangdong University of Finance and Economics,Guangzhou Guangdong 510320)

机构地区：[1]广东财经大学,广东广州510320

出　　处：《浙江万里学院学报》2021年第6期34-40,46,共8页Journal of Zhejiang Wanli University

基　　金：2020年度广东省教育科学“十三五”规划研究项目“粤港澳大湾区跨境法律人才培养模式创新与实践研究”(2020GXJK461);2020年度广东省教学质量与教学改革工程项目“深化粤港澳高校跨境法治人才培养合作的理论与实践研究”(粤教科函[2020]6号);2018年度广东省研究生教育创新计划项目“粤港澳大湾区背景下研究生低碳创业教育与实践研究”(粤教研函[2018]17号)。

摘　　要：世界卫生组织于2020年1月宣布正在发生的新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情已构成“国际关注的突发公共卫生事件”,重大突发公共卫生事件是否可认定为不可抗力?在适用国际条约、国际惯例、不同国家法律的情况下,新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情是否可认定为不可抗力需要具体分析。目前来看,我国学界和实务界以“不可抗力说”为主流观点。但对此问题,国际上无法达成统一观点,各国法院也是自行认定,这种不确定性已引发一系列国际商事合同纠纷。为维护国际贸易秩序,最大限度保护自身利益,中国公权力主体应准确适用法律,确保裁判标准统一;私权利主体应谨慎拟定不可抗力条款,使条款内容与特定的合同目的相结合,妥善利用《不可抗力事实证明》,明确该证明存在不被认可的可能性。The WHO announced in January 2020 that the outbreak of covid-19 has become a“public health emergencies of international concern”.Can a PHEIC be regarded as force majeure?Under the application of international treaties,international practices and laws of different countries,it is necessary to analyze whether the pandemic of covid-19 can be regarded as force majeure.At present,China's academic and practical circles take“force majeure”as the mainstream point of view.However,there is no international consensus on this issue,and the courts of various countries have decided on their own.This uncertainty has led to a series of international commercial contract disputes.In order to maintain the order of international trade and protect their own interests to the greatest extent,China's public power subjects should accurately apply the law to ensure the unification of judgment standards.The subject of private rights should carefully draw up the force majeure clause,combine the content of the clause with the specific purpose of the contract,make good use of the proof of force majeure,and make it clear that there is a possibility that the proof will not be accepted.

关 键 词：重大突发公共卫生事件 新冠疫情 不可抗力 国际商事合同 

分 类 号：D996.1[政治法律—经济法学]