PBAT全生物降解地膜在辽西半干旱区的降解及残留特性  

Degradation and residual characteristics of PBAT biodegradable plastic film in semi-arid area in western Liaoning

作　　者：向午燕 冯晨[1,2] 冯良山 刘琪[3] 张丽莉 白伟[1,2] 杨宁[1,2] 郑家明[1,2] 孙占祥 XIANG Wuyan;FENG Chen;FENG Liangshan;LIU Qi;ZHANG Lili;BAI Wei;YANG Ning;ZHENG Jiaming;SUN Zhanxiang(Institute of Crop Cultivation and Farming System,Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenyang 110161,China;National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment,Fuxin 123100,China;Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Institute of Applied Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang 110016,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所,沈阳110161 [2]国家农业环境阜新观测实验站,辽宁阜新123100 [3]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081 [4]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳110016

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2021年第12期45-53,共9页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41807388);辽宁省兴辽英才计划(XLYC1807056,XLYC1907089);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503105);辽宁省农业科学院学科交流合作项目(2020HZ062001);辽宁省自然科学基金(2019-MS-194)。

摘　　要：为明确全生物降解地膜在辽西半干旱区农田中的降解特性,以普通地膜(CPF)为对照,设置2年田间试验,结合扫描电镜(SEM)和傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR),测定PBAT全生物降解地膜(BPF)的降解及残留指标。结果表明:全生物降解地膜从玉米苗期(40d左右)开始出现降解,拔节时地膜降解已进入破裂期,抽穗之后进入崩解期。随着覆盖年限的增加,地膜残留量也相应增加,普通地膜和全生物降解地膜表层残膜累积量分别增加165%和47%,残片总数分别增加80%和21%;2种地膜残留量均随土层加深而减少,但伴随覆膜年限增加,深层土壤中残膜占残膜总量比例呈增加趋势,其中,普通地膜比例由8.2%增至12.4%,全生物降解地膜由2.9%增至3.7%。通过2年覆盖,表层土壤中普通地膜和全生物降解地膜的残片数分别为277万和236万片/hm^(2),残膜质量分别为73.6和57.6kg/hm^(2),与普通地膜相比,PBAT全生物降解地膜可实现自身降解,有效减少农田残留,以其替代普通地膜应用于辽西半干旱区玉米覆盖栽培具有可行性。In order to clarify the degradation process and residual properties of the biodegradable plastic film in the semi-arid area of western Liaoning Province,combined with scanning electron microscope(SEM)and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy methods,a two-years field study was conducted in National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment in Fuxin.The experiment included two treatments,which were conventional plastic film mulching(CPF)and biodegradable film mulching(BPF).The results showed that the degradation of biodegradable plastic film started from the seedling stage(about 40 d).The degradation of plastic film entered the rupture stage at jointing stage of maize and entered the disintegrating stage after heading stage.With the increase of mulching years,the residual amount of mulching film increased accordingly.The cumulative weight of residual film on the surface of common mulching film and biodegradable mulching film increased by 165% and 47%,respectively and the total amount of residual film increased by 80% and 21%,respectively.The residual amount of plastic films decreased with the deepening of the soil layer,however,with the increase of the mulching years,the proportion of the residual film in the deep soil to the total residual film increased.The proportion of common plastic film increased from 8.2% to 12.4%,while the proportion of biodegradable plastic film increased from 2.9% to 3.7%.After 2 years of mulching,the number of pieces of common and biodegradable plastic films in the topsoil was 2.77 million and 2.36 million pieces/hm^(2),respectively,and the mass of films was 73.6 and 57.6 kg/hm^(2),respectively.In conclusion,compared with common plastic film,PBAT biodegradable plastic film can achieve self-degradation and reduce farmland residue.Therefore,it is feasible to replace common plastic film for corn mulching cultivation in semi-arid areas in western Liaoning Province.

关 键 词：普通地膜 生物降解地膜 降解过程 残留特性 

分 类 号：S3[农业科学—农艺学]