约瑟夫森效应与超导量子电路的基本物理原理  

JOSEPHSON EFFECT AND THE BASIC PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES OF SUPERCONDUCTING QUANTUM CIRCUITS

作　　者：宿非凡[1] 杨钊华 SU Feifan;YANG Zhaohua(Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics,Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院物理研究所北京凝聚态物理国家研究中心,北京100190

出　　处：《物理与工程》2021年第5期28-33,共6页Physics and Engineering

摘　　要：超导电路器件是为数不多的具有量子化能级、叠加态和纠缠等量子特性的宏观器件。这种具有宏观量子特性的器件为实现超导量子计算与组建超导量子计算机打下了硬件基础,2019年谷歌和2021年我国中国科技大学相继实现“量子霸权(Quantum supremacy)”极大地增加了人们在近期构建超导量子计算机的信心。了解超导量子计算有利于增加对物理学前沿发展方向的把握,对非物理专业的理工科背景读者开阔思路也有一定的好处。不同于经典的超导物理教材力图全面的特点,本文根据超导量子计算物理特征和理解超导量子计算的知识背景要求介绍超导量子电路的核心物理原理,力图化简计算推导难度,突出物理图景,以期对超导量子计算建立一个原理层面上的简洁物理图像。Superconducting circuit devices are one of the few macro devices with quantum properties such as quantized energy level,superposition state and entanglement.This device with macro quantum characteristics has laid a hardware foundation for the realization of superconducting quantum computing and the establishment of superconducting quantum computer.Google and University of Science and Technology of China successively realized“Quantum supremacy”in 2019 and 2021 respectively,which greatly increased people's confidence in the construction of superconducting quantum computer in the near future.Understanding superconducting quantum computing is helpful to grasp the frontier development direction of physics and broaden the thinking of readers with science and engineering background of non physics majors.Different from the comprehensive characteristics of the classical superconducting physics textbooks,according to the physical characteristics of superconducting quantum computing and the knowledge background requirements of understanding superconducting quantum computing,this paper introduces the core physical principles of superconducting quantum circuits,tries to simplify the calculation and derivation difficulty and highlight the physical picture,in order to establish a concise physical picture on the principle level of superconducting quantum computing.

关 键 词：约瑟夫森效应 宏观量子效应 超导量子计算 超导量子电路 

分 类 号：O413[理学—理论物理] TP38[理学—物理]