清代徽州幕友群体探析——以徽州地方志资料为考察中心  

The Group of Huizhou Scholars as Aides and Staff to Local Officials or Officers in Qing Dynasty:A Survey Based on Huizhou Local Records

作　　者：朱慧敏 Zhu Huimin

机构地区：[1]复旦大学历史地理研究中心

出　　处：《中国地方志》2021年第5期84-96,I0004,共14页China Local Records

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“近代商业变迁与徽州商人转型研究”(项目编号:19JJD770001)阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：科场竞争造成一大批徽州读书人入仕无门或升迁艰难。为了谋生、重新获得入仕机会,一部分读书人选择在地方官府作幕友。虽然幕友不是朝廷正式的官员,但他们可以经常出入官府,为地方官出谋划策,协助地方官处理各类行政事务,这使得他们的职业逐渐呈现出一种明显的准官僚特征。作为清代幕友中的一个重要群体,徽州幕友的作幕行为反映了整个清代幕友群体共同的行为规范和价值取向。通过考察清代徽州幕友作幕的原因、家庭出身与功名,对于我们加深对徽州读书人这一群体的认识具有重要意义,也为我们揭示了清代徽州科举文化与幕业发展之间的内在联系。Intense competition in imperial examinations blocked multitudes of Huizhou scholars’way to an official career or a higher official position.To make a living or gain an opportunity to hold government office,some scholars from Huizhou served as aides and staff in local governments.Although aids and staff were not officials appointed by the imperial court,they had easy access to government offices,giving suggestions to local officials or officers,helping them handle administrative or military affairs.Such facts make the scholars’occupations apparently quasi-bureaucratic.As an important group among the Qing Dynasty aides and staff to local government officials and officers,Huizhou scholars mirrored the common codes of conduct and values of their colleagues in their service.A survey of the motives,family backgrounds,and scholarly honors of Huizhou scholars serving as aids and staff to local officials deepens people’s understanding of the group and reveals the intrinsic connections between their imperial examination circumstances and career development as aids and staff to local officials or officers in the Qing Dynasty.

关 键 词：清代 徽州 幕友 家庭 功名 

分 类 号：K29[历史地理—历史学]