锻铸车间焊接区与切割区金属粉尘的微观特征  

Special microscopic features of the metallic dust in the welding and cutting areas of the casting and forging workshop

作　　者：刁永发[1] 吕扬 庄加玮 DIAO Yong-fa;LU Yang;ZHUANG Jia-wei(School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Donghua University,Shanghai 201620,China)

机构地区：[1]东华大学环境科学与工程学院

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2021年第5期1971-1977,共7页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC0705300);中央高校基本科研业务费重点项目(2232017A-09)。

摘　　要：工业车间粉尘易诱发工人多种职业病。以锻铸车间产生的金属粉尘为研究对象,利用电子显微镜(SEM)、激光粒度仪、X射线能谱仪(EDS)分别对车间内焊接区和切割区金属粉尘的形貌、粒度特征及元素组成进行了表征和分析。结果表明,车间内不同工艺区域产生粉尘的表面形态、粒度特征、成分组成都存在较大差异。与切割区粉尘相比,焊接区粉尘比表面积大,因而表面形貌更为粗糙且更易吸附有害物质;焊接粉尘粒径范围在0.4~2.3μm,切割粉尘粒径更细,在0.4μm以下;焊接区粉尘所含元素种类多于切割区粉尘,且含有致癌风险的金属元素。研究结果可为锻铸车间不同作业场所工人的个人防护及通风除尘系统设计提供理论支撑。This paper intends to introduce an analysis of the micro-features of the metal dust,so as to determine and clarify the detrimental nature of the metal dusts to human beings from a microscopic perspective.And,for the said purpose,we have collected and analyzed 2 forms of the metal dust in the air and/or on the ground produced by the casting and forging workshops in the machine-building enterprises in east China.And,then,in this paper,we have been keeping observing and watching the different particularities of the metal dust morphology,the particle size specialty and the element composition between the welding area and the cutting area in the forging and casting workshops.And so,it would be possible for us to observe and analyze the electronic scanning microscopy(SEM)via a laser particle-sized analyzer and the X-ray spectrometer(EDS).The results of the above observation and examination indicate that the dust produced in the different processing areas of the workshop varies greatly in their surface morphology,the particle size features and constitutions.As compared with the dust samples collected in the cutting area,the dust in the welding area tends to occupy a broader specific surface area,so that their surface morphology tends to be rougher with their harmful substances being more easily adsorbed.And,in contrast,the range of the particle sizes of the welding dusts can be measured and worked out from 0.4μm to2.3μm,with finer particle size of the cutting dust,merely smaller than 0.4μm.And,what is more,the particle sizes smaller than 2.5μm can be found and proven to be harmful to the respiratory system and lungs of human beings.In addition,the dust samples in the welding workshop have been disclosed with more kinds of elements than the dust in the cutting area.And,what is more significant is that they are potential with more metal elements laden with cancer risk.The metal dust element in the welding area has been made known related to the powder of welding objects and coating of electrodes,while the metal dust e

关 键 词：安全卫生工程技术 锻铸车间 金属粉尘 表面形貌 粒度特征 元素组成 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]