基于专家-新手范式的飞行员模拟仪表进近注视特征差异研究  

Difference or the gap of the pilots’fixation and attention features in the modulate instrumentation based on the expertise&novice interactive paradigm

作　　者：刘亚威 郭昕曜 佀庆民 靳慧斌[2] 朱国蕾 LIU Ya-wei;GUO Xin-yao;SI Qing-min;JIN Hui-bin;ZHU Guo-lei(Civil Aviation College,Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics,Zhengzhou 450046,China;General Aviation College,Civil Aviation University of China,Tianjin 300300,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州航空工业管理学院民航学院,郑州450046 [2]中国民航大学通航学院,天津300300

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2021年第5期2086-2092,共7页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(17YJC630124);河南省安全生产重特大事故防治关键技术科技项目(0012-2017AQ)。

摘　　要：为探究飞行员注意资源在驾驶舱仪表间的分配策略,利用眼动仪、DA-42飞行模拟机等搭建仪表进近模拟飞行试验平台,基于专家-新手范式采集飞行教员和飞行学员的眼动数据,并利用注视熵率表征被试者扫视行为的随意性。结果表明:在最后进近航段,全体被试者高度关注姿态仪、水平状态指示器和高度表3个兴趣区,注视时间占总注视时间的78%以上;绩效优组在空速表、高度表、垂直速度表和其他区域的注视时间百分比显著高于绩效差组,而在各兴趣区的平均注视时长显著低于绩效差组;绩效优组的注视熵率显著高于绩效差组,这意味着其在仪表进近过程中的扫视灵活性更大。研究可为指导飞行员培训、预防飞行员人为差错提供参考。The present paper intends to build up an experiment platform for the instrument-operating testing approach to explore the allocation strategy of the pilots’attention resources among the cockpit instruments,the eye tracker and the DA-42 flight simulator.And,in the above said experiment platform,we have collected and regularized the necessary eye movement data of the pilot instructors and the pilot cadets based on the expert-novice paradigm.And,since the randomness of the subjects’scanned behavior can be characterized by the value of the gaze entropy,the experiment goal would be nothing else but to operate DA-42 flight simulator and perform,initiated by the 10 flight instructors and the 10 flight cadets from Chaoyang Flight College under China National Civil Aviation University,which is controlled and regulated as the instrument-landing duty in Chaoyang airport via the VOR non precision approach program.And,in the analysis process of the above said program,the main flight instrument display has been divided into 6 areas of interest,that is,the airspeed indicator,the attitude indicator,the altitude register and indicator,the vertical flight speed indicator,the horizontal situation indicator and the other aspects related.The results of the above said investigation and tests show that in the final approach stage,all the involved subjects are mainly focused on the 3 areas of interest:that is,the attitude indicator,the horizontal situation indicator and the flying altitude indicator,with the fixation time taken up for over 78%.In addition,the greatest sections of the fixation time have been taken by the practice group,say,the airspeed,the flying altitude,the vertical speed indicator and some other areas,which have been significantly greater than those for the less advanced testing groups.And,in comparison,the ratio of the fixation time allocated on the attitude indicator and horizontal situation indicator turned out to be much less than those spent by the poor execution groups.More exactly speaking,the average fixat

关 键 词：安全管理工程 模拟飞行 专家-新手范式 注视特征 眼动追踪 仪表进近 

分 类 号：X949[环境科学与工程—安全科学]