天然气中氦资源研究现状及我国氦资源前景  

Research status of helium resources in natural gas and prospects of helium resources in China

作　　者：陈践发[1,2] 刘凯旋 董勍伟 汪华 罗冰[3] 戴鑫[3] CHEN Jianfa;LIU Kaixuan;DONG Qingwei;WANG Hua;LUO Bing;DAI Xin(State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting,China University of Petroleum,Beijing 102249,China;College of Geosciences,China University of Petroleum,Beijing 102249,China;Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development,Southwest Oil and Gasfield Company,PetroChina,Chengdu 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(北京)油气资源与探测国家重点实验室,北京102249 [2]中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院,北京102249 [3]中国石油西南油气田分公司勘探开发研究院,四川成都610041

出　　处：《天然气地球科学》2021年第10期1436-1449,共14页Natural Gas Geoscience

基　　金：国家科技重大专项(编号:2016ZX05027-001-004);中国石油西南油气田分公司项目(编号:JS2020-044)联合资助.

摘　　要：氦气具有强化学惰性和低沸点等独有特征,在高新技术产业和科研实验中具有不可替代的作用。氦在地球上以微量组分广泛分布,但从含氦、富氦天然气藏中提取氦气仍是工业制氦的唯一途径。目前全球已发现的氦储量主要分布在美国、卡塔尔、阿尔及利亚、俄罗斯和加拿大等国,上述五国氦储量占全球总储量的92%。天然气藏中的氦气有3个主要来源:大气源、壳源和幔源。目前主要根据^(3)He/^(4)He值来确定氦的来源,通常大气源的^(3)He/^(4)He值为1.4×10^(-6)、壳源的^(3)He/^(4)He值为2×10^(-8)和幔源的^(3)He/^(4)He值为1.1×10^(-5)。富氦天然气的成藏条件和成藏特征与常规天然气藏既有共性又有明显的差异,一些有利于形成大型油气藏的高生烃强度地区,反而不利于富氦、高氦气藏的形成。而生烃强度相对低的隆起区则有利于富氦、高氦气藏的形成。全球已发现的氦气资源主要分布于晚元古代—古生代地台背景下的沉积盆地,此外在中—新生代构造—岩浆活动强烈且具有古老花岗岩的基底区也是富氦气藏发育的有利区带。现有资料表明,中国四川盆地、塔里木盆地、柴达木盆地、鄂尔多斯盆地和东部中新生界含油气盆地中已发现一些富氦气藏。同时非常规天然气领域亦展现出良好的氦资源勘探前景,如渭河盆地水溶气和四川盆地页岩气。中国富氦天然气具有点多、类型多、资源前景较好的特征,但氦气资源整体研究程度很低。Helium has unique characteristics such as strong chemical inertness and low boiling point,and plays an irreplaceable role in high-tech industries and scientific research experiments.Helium is widely distributed as trace components on the earth,but the extraction of helium from helium-containing,helium-rich natural gas reservoirs is still the only way to industrially produce helium.At present,the world's discovered helium reserves are mainly distributed in the United States,Qatar,Algeria,Russia,Canada and other countries.The helium reserves of the above five countries account for 92%of the world's total reserves.There are three main sources of helium in natural gas reservoirs:atmospheric,crustal and mantle-derived.At present,the source of helium is mainly determined based on the value of ^(3)He/^(4)He.Generally,the ^(3)He/^(4)He value of atmospheric,crustal and mantle-derived helium are 1.4×10^(−6),2×10^(−8) and 1.1×10^(−5),respectively.The accumulation conditions and characteristics of helium-rich natural gas have both common features and obvious differences with conventional natural gas reservoirs.Some areas with high hydrocarbon generation intensity that are conducive to the formation of large-scale oil and gas reservoirs are not conducive to the formation of helium-rich and high-helium gas reservoirs.Uplift areas with relatively low hydrocarbon generation intensity are conducive to the formation of helium-rich and high-helium gas reservoirs.The helium resources discovered in the world are mainly distributed in sedimentary basins under the platform background of the Late Proterozoic and Paleozoic.In addition,the Mesozoic-Cenozoic structure-magmatic activity is strong and the area with ancient granite basement is also a favorable area for the development of helium-rich gas reservoirs.Existing data indicate that China has discovered some helium-rich gas reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin,Tarim Basin,Qaidam Basin,Ordos Basin and Mesozoic and Cenozoic petroliferous basins in the eastern China.At the same time

关 键 词：稀有气体 氦气资源 成因 成藏 资源前景 

分 类 号：TE151[石油与天然气工程—油气勘探]