46种杀菌剂对家蚕的毒性与风险性评价  

Toxicity and Risk Assessment of 46 Fungicides to Silkworm Bombyx mori

作　　者：杨一平 陈伟国 戴建忠 孙海燕 YANG Yi-ping;CHEN Wei-guo;DAI Jian-zhong;SUN Hai-yan(Cash Crop Technical Service Station of Haining City,Haining 314400 Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]海宁市经济作物技术服务站,浙江嘉兴314400

出　　处：《蚕桑通报》2021年第3期7-12,共6页Bulletin of Sericulture

基　　金：浙江省蚕桑产业团队技术项目(2020-2022)。

摘　　要：采用浸叶法测定了46种常用杀菌剂对家蚕的急性毒性,结果表明:30%吡唑醚菌酯悬浮剂对家蚕的毒性等级为高毒(0.5<LC_(50)≤20 mg/L),50%氟醚菌酰胺水分散粒剂和42.4%唑醚·氟酰胺悬浮剂对家蚕的毒性等级为中毒(20<LC_(50)≤200 mg/L),250 g/L嘧菌酯悬浮剂等43种杀菌剂对家蚕的毒性等级为低毒(LC_(50)>200 mg/L)。根据各种农药田间推荐施用浓度与LC_(50)的比值(毒性比分级法),30%吡唑醚菌酯悬浮剂对家蚕具有极高风险性,50%氟醚菌酰胺水分散粒剂等6种杀菌剂对家蚕具有高风险性,430 g/L戊唑醇悬浮剂等20种杀菌剂对家蚕具有中等风险性,40%腈菌唑悬浮剂等19种杀菌剂对家蚕具有低风险性。田间喷药试验结果表明:7种对家蚕高风险性杀菌剂和325 g/L苯甲·嘧菌酯悬浮剂推荐浓度药液喷于桑叶后对家蚕具有不同程度的毒性残留,其中30%吡唑醚菌酯悬浮剂1000倍(300 mg/L)和42.4%唑醚·氟酰胺悬浮剂1000倍(424 mg/L)的残毒期均超过60 d。因此,桑园及附近农作物应避免施用对家蚕毒性强、安全风险大、在桑叶上残留时间长的杀菌剂品种,防止污染桑叶而导致养蚕中毒损失。The acute toxicity of 46 Common Fungicides to silkworm was determined by leaf immersion method.The results showed that the toxicity grade of 30% pyrazole ether ester suspension to silkworm was high(0.5<LC_(50)≤20 mg/L),50% fluoroether amide aqueous granules and 42.4% oxazole·fluoroamide suspension to silkworm was moderate(20<LC_(50)≤200 mg/L),and the other 43 fungicides such as 250 g/L azoxystrobin suspension to silkworm was low(LC_(50)>200 mg/L).According to the ratio of the recommended application concentration of various pesticides in the field to LC_(50)(toxicity ratio classification method),30% pyrazole ether ester suspension has an extreme high risk to silkworm,6 fungicides such as 50% fluoroether amide water dispersible granules have a high risk to silkworm,and 20 fungicides such as 430 g/L tebuconazole suspension have a medium risk to silkworm,19 fungicides such as 40% nitrile azole suspension have low risk to silkworm.The results of field spraying test showed that seven types of high-risk fungicides and 325 g/L benazoxystrobin suspension had different degrees of toxic residues on silkworm after spraying on mulberry leaves,the longest residual toxicity period of 30% pyrazoxystrobin suspension 1000 times(300 mg/L)and 42.4% pyrazoxystrobin suspension 1000 times(424 mg/L)exceeded 60 days.Therefore,the mulberry garden and nearby crops should avoid the application of fungicides with high toxicity to silkworm,high safety risk and long residue time on mulberry leaves,so as to prevent the loss of silkworm poisoning caused by pollution of mulberry leaves.

关 键 词：杀菌剂 家蚕 急性毒性 风险性 残毒期 

分 类 号：S884[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]