跨性别女性的嗓音特点分析  

Characteristics of Voice and Need of Voice Alteration in Male-to-female Transgenders

作　　者：郭婷婷 李革临[1] 侯倩[1] 任慧[1] 苑黎娜 张驰 Guo Tingting;Li Gelin;Hou Qian;Ren Hui;Yuan Lina;Zhang Chi(Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery,Beijing Friendship Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing,100050,China)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科,北京100050

出　　处：《听力学及言语疾病杂志》2021年第6期608-612,共5页Journal of Audiology and Speech Pathology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81900926);北京市自然科学基金(7204246)。

摘　　要：目的分析未经嗓音训练或改变音调手术治疗的跨性别女性的嗓音特点,探讨其与顺性别人群的差异。方法选择78例未经嗓音训练或改变音调手术的跨性别女性为研究对象,以顺性别男性和女性各30例为对照组,分别采集汉语习惯性言语样本和发元音/a/、/i/声样本,分析言语平均基频(SFF)、最高言语基频(H-SFF)、最低言语基频(L-SFF),元音/a/的最高基频、最低基频、jitter、shimmer、最长发声时间(MPT)以及元音/a/、/i/的第1、2、3共振峰(F1、F2、F3)频率。另招募男性、女性志愿者各10例,对所有受试者的嗓音进行女性化程度主观听觉评估(1~2分为女性化嗓音,3~5分为中性化嗓音,6~7分为男性化嗓音)。结果跨性别女性的SFF、H-SFF均显著高于男性对照组(P<0.01),低于女性对照组(P<0.01),但音域范围与男性对照组无明显差异(P>0.05);跨性别女性组MPT显著小于男性对照组(P<0.01),与女性对照组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);跨性别女性组的元音/a/、/i/的F2、F3频率显著高于男性对照组(P<0.01),元音/a/的F2、元音/i/的F1低于女性对照组(P<0.05)。跨性别女性组的嗓音女性化程度评分(3.397±1.36分)介于男性(6.138±0.58分)和女性对照组(1.75±0.61分)之间。结论本组跨性别女性的嗓音特征介于顺性别男性与女性之间,未经嗓音训练或改变音调手术治疗的跨性别女性难以达到女性的嗓音条件和性别认同,该类群体可能存在改变嗓音的诉求。Objective To evaluate the voice characteristics of male-to-female transgenders(MtFs)who didn’t receive voice therapy or pitch-alteration surgery,to investigate the difference of voice among MtFs,cisgender males and females and to reveal the need of voice alteration in MtFs.Methods A toted of 78 MtFs who didn’t receive voice therapy or pitch-alteration surgery were selected as the experimental group,30 cisgender males and 30 females were selected as the control group and voice evaluation was performed.In objective evaluation,habitual speech samples in Chinese and voice samples of vowels/a/,/i/were collected and used to analyze the average speech fundamental frequency(SFF),highest-SFF(H-SFF),lowest-SFF(L-SFF)of speech samples,highest and lowest fundamental frequencies,jitter,shimmer,MPT of vowel/a/and formant frequencies(F1,F2,F3)of vowel/a/,/i/.In subjective evaluation,10 male and 10 female volunteers listened the speech samples and gave femininity score of each participant.Results In MtFs,SFF and H-SFF were significantly higher than those of male controls and lower than female controls.However,pitch range showed no difference from male controls.MPT was significantly lower than that of male controls.Frequencies of F2 and F3 in vowels/a/,/i/were significantly higher than those of male controls but still lower than female controls.In subjective evaluation,the femininity scores of MtFs lied between those of male and female controls.Conclusion Voice characteristics of MtFs often lies between the voice of cisgender males and females.MtFs without voice therapy or pitch-alteration surgery can hardly achieve female voice and desired gender identity.Thus,this special population often have the need of voice alteration.

关 键 词：跨性别者 嗓音 基频 性别认同 

分 类 号：R767.92[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科]