有机肥还田对温带草甸草原土壤养分的影响  

Effects of Organic Fertilizers Returning to Fields on Soil Nutrients in Temperate Meadow Steppe

作　　者：仝宗永[1] 商丽荣 万里强[1] 何峰[1] 李向林[1] TONG Zongyong;SHANG Lirong;WAN Liqiang;HE Feng;LI Xianglin(Institute of Animal Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Bejing,100193)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所,北京100193

出　　处：《家畜生态学报》2021年第11期66-71,共6页Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0500608);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-34);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2019-YWF-ZX-08)。

摘　　要：为研究牧场废弃物在处理和还田利用过程中养分含量的变化和对土壤养分的影响,试验利用两种方法对牧场的废弃物牛粪进行资源化处理利用:养殖蚯蚓和种植双孢蘑菇。收集消化后的蚓肥(QY)和残余的基质菇渣(JZ)进行营养成分测定,并将两者作为有机肥分为三个梯度(低l、中m、高h)对天然草地进行改良,连续两年对施肥后土壤的营养成分进行测定。结果发现相比鲜牛粪,两者的有机质(OM)和全氮(TN)含量均显著降低(P<0.05)。菇渣中全氮/有机质(TN/OM)、速效氮/全氮比(AN/TN)明显增加(P<0.05),而蚓肥中全氮/有机质(TN/OM)显著下降(P<0.05),而速效氮/全氮比(AN/TN)大幅升高(P<0.05),达到16.47%。天然草地施肥后发现在第二年处理中0~20 cm土层的有机质(OM)、速效氮(AN)和速效钾(AK)含量显著增加(P<0.05),速效磷含量显著下降(P<0.05),而全效养分均无显著性变化(P>0.05)。对植物含氮量和土壤的氮素滞留量进行分析,发现由于有机肥中氮素的大量施入,导致氮素滞留量比对照大幅增加(P<0.05)。试验揭示了养殖废弃物在资源化利用过程中营养成分的变化,并且可以用作有机肥料对草地进行修复改良,为养殖粪污循环利用提供科学依据和技术参考。To study the nutrient variation in pasture waste during the treatment and the process of returning it to the field as well as its effect on soil nutrition,in this research,two methods were used for cow manure in the dairy farm:raising earthworms and planting mushroom(Agaricus bisporus).After collecting digested vermicompost(QY)and mushroom residue(JZ),the nutrient composition was determined.Both were used as organic fertilizer and classified into three grades(low,moderate and high)and then applied to the natural grassland for improvement.The nutritions in soil after application of these fertilizer were then measured for successive 2 years.Results showed that compared with fresh manure,the contents of organic matter(OM)and total nitrogen(TN)significantly reduced(P<0.05),the proportions of total nitrogen/organic matter(TN/OM)and available nitrogen/total nitrogen(AN/TN)in mushroom residue significantly increased(P<0.05),while the contents of TN/OM in vermicompost significantly decreased(P<0.05),but the AN/TN greatly increased(P<0.05),reaching 16.47%.The content of OM,AN and AK in 0~20 cm soil significantly increased(P<0.05)in organic fertilizer treatments,and AP significantly decreased(P<0.05),while total nutrient elements did not change significantly(P>0.05).Nitrogen retention in plants and soil were analyzed,and it was found that the nitrogen retention increased significantly compared with the control due to the large amount of nitrogen applied.Results revealed the nutrient composition changes of pasture waste in the process of resource utilization,and they can be used as organic fertilizers to repair and improve the grassland.The method would provide scientific basis and technical reference for the recycling of livestock manure.

关 键 词：养殖废弃物 蚓肥 菇渣 草甸草原 土壤养分 氮素滞留量 

分 类 号：S812.4[农业科学—草业科学]