大新水库不同溃坝高度的洪水演进过程模拟研究  

Simulation Study on Flood Evolution Process of Daxin Reservoir with Different Dam-break Heights

作　　者：张松松 张卫[1] 国林 史明志 ZHANG Songsong;ZHANG Wei;GUO Lin;SHI Mingzhi(Research Center for Geological Hazards in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area of the Ministry of Education,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430074,Cina;Harbin Comprehensive Natural Resources Survey Center,China Geological Survey,Harbin 150081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉)教育部长江三峡库区地质灾害研究中心,湖北武汉430074 [2]中国地质调查局哈尔滨自然资源综合调查中心,黑龙江哈尔滨150081

出　　处：《安全与环境工程》2021年第6期16-24,30,共10页Safety and Environmental Engineering

摘　　要：受坝体老化和极端天气影响,大新水库存在溃坝风险。基于MIKE11软件建立大新水库溃坝洪水演进过程的一维数值模型,模拟计算了溃坝高度分别为10 m、20 m和30 m时大新水库溃坝洪水的演进过程,通过设置6个典型断面进行模拟计算与分析,并结合GIS技术实现了溃坝洪水淹没区域的二维可视化,对溃坝洪水造成的生命损失和经济损失进行了定量评估。结果表明:溃坝高度越大,洪水流量、峰值水位和淹没面积越大,洪水在同一断面上的滞留时间越短,最大水深的变化规律由于受地形的影响与洪水流量和峰值水位的变化规律有所不同。根据模拟结果和洪水淹没范围图,提出了溃坝时沿岸居民的撤离方案,可为大新水库溃坝洪水灾害的预防和应急预案的制定提供理论依据和数据支持。Affected by the aging of the dam body and extreme weather,the Daxin water bank is at risk of dam failure.This paper establishes a one-dimensional numerical model based on MIKE11 software,simulates and calculates the evolution process of the dam-break flood of Daxin Reservoir when the dam-break height is 10 m,20 m,and 30 m respectively,and coducts simulation and analysis by setting 6 typical sections.Then the paper realizes the two-dimensional visualization of the dam-break flood inundated area combined with GIS technology,and quantitatively evaluates the loss of life and economic loss caused by the dam-break flood.The results show that the higher the dam-break height is,and the larger the flow,maximum water level and inundated area of the flood are,the shorter the residence time on the same section is.The changing law of maximum water depth affected by topography is different from the changing law of flood flow and maximum water level.In addition,the paper provides evacuation plan for coastal residents based on the simulation results and the inundated range map,which provides theoretical basis and data support for prevention and formulation of emergency plan of dam-break flood disaster of Daxin Reservoir.

关 键 词：大新水库 溃坝风险评估 溃坝高度 溃坝洪水演进过程 淹没范围 MIKE11软件 

分 类 号：X924[环境科学与工程—安全科学] TV122.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源]