三种季铵盐类化合物对蔬菜种子发芽的生态毒性研究  

Ecotoxicity of Three Quaternary Ammonium Compounds on Vegetable Seed Germination

作　　者：严青云[1,2] 屈相龙[2] 向垒[2] Yan Qingyun;Qu Xianglong;Xiang Lei(Guangzhou Research Institute of Environmental Protection,Guangzhou 510620;Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials,College of Life Science and Technology,Ji’nan University,Guangzhou 510632,China)

机构地区：[1]广州市环境保护科学研究院,广东广州510620 [2]广东省环境污染控制与修复材料工程中心,生命科学技术学院,暨南大学,广东广州510632

出　　处：《广东化工》2021年第22期4-5,2,共3页Guangdong Chemical Industry

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFC1807600);国家自然科学基金青年项目(41807339)。

摘　　要：季铵盐化合物类化合物广泛应用于农业、选矿工业等,然而其生态毒性效应却鲜见报道。通过蔬菜(菜心、萝卜、黄瓜)种子发芽实验,研究了3种季铵盐类化合物(十二烷基三甲基氯化铵、十二烷基三甲基溴化铵、三辛基甲基氯化铵)的生态毒性。结果表明,在所设浓度范围(5~35 mg·L^(-1)),三种季铵盐化合物对菜心、黄瓜、萝卜种子发芽率、根伸长以及芽伸长造成显著抑制。3种蔬菜种子对季铵盐化合物的毒害作用响应敏感程度就蔬菜品种而言,表现为菜心>萝卜>黄瓜,就作用指标而言,表现为根伸长>芽伸长发芽率。3种蔬菜根伸长EC50(50%抑制率浓度)值为19.2~65.7 mg·L^(-1),芽伸长EC50值为20.8~147.8 mg·L^(-1),发芽率EC50值为46.0~317.2 mg·L^(-1)。季铵盐类化合物支链越少,分子量越小,毒性越大。Increasing quaternary ammonium compounds(QACs)were widely applied in correspondingly diverse industries,such as agriculture and mining,but limited information on their ecotoxicities was available.Seed germination experiment using three vegetables(flowering cabbage,radish,cucumber)was conducted to investigate the ecotoxicity of three kinds of QACs(i.e.,dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride,dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide,and trioctyl methyl ammonium chloride).All the three QACs showed significant adverse effects on germination rate,root elongation and shoot elongation of the tested vegetables under concentrations of 5~35 mg·L^(-1).The ecotoxicity response of three vegetables to the QACs decreased in the order of flowering cabbage>radish>cucumber.As for ecotoxicity index,root elongation showed the most sensitive to the QACs followed by shoot elongation,while germination rate showed the least sensitivity.The half effect concentration values(EC50)of the QACs to the root elongation,shoot elongation,and germination rate of the tested vegetables were 20.8~147.8 mg·L^(-1),20.8~147.8 mg·L^(-1),and 46.0~317.2 mg·L^(-1),respectively.The ecotoxicity of the QACs increased with the decrease of both the branched chain structure and molecular weight.

关 键 词：季铵盐类化合物 蔬菜 种子发芽 生态毒性 影响因素 

分 类 号：TQ[化学工程]