矮化对马尾松雌球花发生及枝梢生长的影响  

Effect of Dwarfing on Occurrence of Female Strobilus of Pinus massoniana and Its Effect on Branch Growth

作　　者：郑一 张含国[1] 张振[2] 周志春[2] 童静亮 黄晗 范金根 Zheng Yi;Zhang Hanguo;Zhang Zhen;Zhou Zhichun;Tong Jingliang;Huang Han;Fan Jingen(State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,P.R.China;Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry;Lanxi Forestry Bureau;Lanxi Nursery)

机构地区：[1]林木遗传育种国家重点实验室(东北林业大学),哈尔滨150040 [2]中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 [3]兰溪市林业局 [4]兰溪市苗圃

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2021年第10期1-5,共5页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0600301);浙江省农业(林木)新品种选育重大科技专项(2016C02056-4);江西省林业科技创新项目(201703);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(CAFYBB2017ZA001-2)。

摘　　要：以浙江省兰溪市苗圃的马尾松(Pinus massoniana)二代无性系种子园不同结实能力(低产、中产、高产)无性系为材料,设置树干高2 m处截干(D_(2))、4 m处截干(D_(4))、不截干(CK)3种矮化处理。2017—2019年连续3 a,调查各无性系在树干高度1、2、4 m处分枝的雌球花量、当年生枝梢长度、当年生枝梢直径,分析截干矮化对不同结实能力无性系雌球花量和枝梢生长的影响。结果表明:在树干高度2 m处截干,显著促进高产、中产型无性系雌球花量的增加。2018年高产、中产型无性系雌球花量,分别比CK高出24.22%、30.70%,分别比D_(4)处理高出25.44%、9.19%;2019年高产、中产型无性系雌球花量,分别比CK高出37.56%、38.38%,分别比D_(4)处理高出32.91%、21.47%。矮化后,高产、中产型无性系雌球花量相对差距减小,2017—2019年3 a中,D_(4)处理的高产型无性系雌球花量,分别比中产型高出92.21%、76.17%、53.79%;D_(2)处理的高产型无性系雌球花量,分别比中产型高出68.19%、53.36%、40.56%。矮化促进马尾松树体结实层显著下移,2018、2019年,D_(4)处理的树高2 m分枝处雌球花量,分别比CK高出26.55%、20.73%;D_(2)处理的树高1 m分枝处雌球花量,分别比CK高出27.22%、26.39%。矮化促进马尾松新生枝梢生长;2017—2019年3 a中,D_(2)处理的枝长,分别比CK高出11.71%、12.69%、4.34%;D_(4)处理的枝长,分别比CK高出9.33%、5.73%、2.70%;D_(2)处理的枝直径,分别比CK高出6.18%、9.34%、4.51%,D_(4)处理的枝直径,分别比CK高出4.19%、3.66%、3.59%。综合测算结果,截干能够提高马尾松枝梢的雌球花量,其中在树高2 m处截干的效果最好,能提高中产、高产无性系的雌球花量20%以上。Using the clones with different fruiting abilities(low yield,middle yield and high yield)in the second-generation clone seed orchard of Pinus massoniana in the nursery of Lanxi City,Zhejiang Province,three dwarfing treatments were set up:truncation(D_(2))at trunk height of 2 m,truncation at 4 m(D_(4)),and untruncated(CK).For three consecutive years from 2017 to 2019,the female strobilus,the length and diameter of branches of each clone at trunk height of 1 m,2 m and 4 m were investigated,and the effects of truncated dwarfing on female strobilus and shoot growth of clones with different fruiting ability were analyzed.The results showed that cutting at the trunk height of 2 m significantly promoted the increase of female strobilus of high-yield and middle-yield clones,and in 2018,the female strobilus of high-yield and middle-yield clones was 24.22%and 30.70%higher than that of CK,and 25.44%and 9.19%higher than that of D_(4) treatment,respectively.After dwarfing,the relative difference in the number of female strobilus between high-yield and middle-yield clones decreased.The female strobilus of high-yield clones treated with D_(4) were 92.21%,76.17%and 53.79%higher than that of middle-yield clones,respectively.The female strobilus of high-yield clones treated with D_(2) were 68.19%,53.36%and 40.56%higher than that of middle-yield clones,respectively.Dwarfing promotes the significant downward movement of the fruiting layer of P.massoniana.In 2018 and 2019,the female strobilus at height H_(2) treated by D_(4) was 26.55%and 20.73%higher than that of CK,respectively.The female strobilus at height H_(1) treated by D_(2) were 27.22%and 26.39%higher than that of CK,respectively.Dwarfing promotes shoot growth of P.massoniana.In the three years from 2017 to 2019,the branch lengths of D_(2) treatment was 11.71%,12.69%and 4.34%higher than that of CK,respectively.The branch lengths of D_(4) treatment were 9.33%,5.73%and 2.70%higher than that of CK,respectively.The branch diameters of D_(2) treatment were 6.18%,9.34%and 4.51%hig

关 键 词：马尾松 无性系 矮化 雌球花 枝梢生长 

分 类 号：S722.1[农业科学—林木遗传育种]